Table 2.
Analysis of risk factors for morbidity and mortality by exposure status.
| Variable | Weekend admission (N=71) | Weekday admission (N=462) | p value | Mon–Wed Norwood (N=336) | Thu–Fri Norwood (N=212) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Preoperative highest lactate (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 3.2 (2.4,5.1) | 3.1 (2.5,4.2) | 0.1 | 3.1 (2.5,4.6) | 3.1 (2.4,4.3) | 0.2 |
| Preoperative intubation | 44 (62%) | 209 (45%) | 0.01 | 163 (49%) | 100 (47%) | 0.7 |
| Intubation due to apnea or transport | 13 (18%) | 84 (18%) | >0.9 | 63 (19%) | 38 (18%) | 0.8 |
| Intubation due to shock, respiratory failure, or metabolic acidosis | 26 (37%) | 86 (19%) | 0.001 | 72 (22%) | 45 (21%) | >0.9 |
| Preoperative intervention for atrial septum | 2 (3%) | 19 (4%) | >0.9 | 10 (3%) | 11 (5%) | 0.3 |
| Composite indicator for preoperative shock/arrest | 9 (13%) | 27 (6%) | 0.04 | 22 (7%) | 16 (8%) | 0.7 |
| Preoperative TR ≥2.5 mm | 10 (15%) | 52 (12%) | 0.5 | 40(12%) | 21 (10%) | 0.6 |
| ECMO used in OR | 3 (4%) | 32 (7%) | 0.6 | 18 (5%) | 17 (8%) | 0.2 |
| ECMO during Norwood hospitalization | 12 (17%) | 73 (16%) | 0.9 | 46 (14%) | 42 (20%) | 0.07 |
| Delayed sternal closure | 58 (84%) | 357 (78%) | 0.3 | 259 (78%) | 166 (79%) | 0.7 |
| Delayed sternal closure | 0.4 | 0.9 | ||||
| Yes, non-elective | 31 (45%) | 207 (45%) | 149 (45%) | 95 (46%) | ||
| Yes, elective | 27 (39%) | 150 (33%) | 110 (33%) | 71 (34%) | ||
| No, primary closure | 11 (16%) | 102 (22%) | 75 (23%) | 43 (21%) | ||
| Norwood perfusion type | 0.5 | 0.8 | ||||
| DHCA only | 34 (49%) | 255 (56%) | 184 (55%) | 111 (53%) | ||
| RCP and DHCA ≤10 min | 20 (29%) | 106 (23%) | 78 (24%) | 52 (25%) | ||
| RCP and DHCA ≥10 min | 15 (22%) | 98 (21%) | 70 (21%) | 48 (23%) | ||
| Total support time (min), mean±SD | 144±50 | 144±55 | >0.9 | 144±50 | 145±60 | 0.8 |
| Total DHCA time (min), mean±SD | 28±22 | 32±23 | 0.1 | 31±21 | 32±27 | 0.5 |
| DHCA time ≤45 min | 54 (76%) | 345 (75%) | 0.9 | 248 (74%) | 163 (77%) | 0.5 |
| Total RCP time (min), mean±SD | 27±29 | 23±29 | 0.3 | 23±30 | 24±28 | 0.8 |
| Infection prior to discharge | 30 (43%) | 193 (42%) | 0.9 | 147 (44%) | 89 (42%) | 0.7 |
| Number of other surgical procedures during Norwood hospitalization, median (IQR) | 1 (1,2) | 1 (1,2) | 0.6 | 1 (1,2) | 1 (1,3) | 0.3 |
DHCA – deep hypothermic cardiac arrest, ECMO – extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, IQR – interquartile range, min – minutes, OR – operating room, RCP – regional cerebral perfusion, SD – standard deviation, TR – tricuspid regurgitation,