Table 2.

Goodness-of-fit statistics for three invariance models.

	Model	χ 2	df	CFI	ΔCFI	RMSEA	[90% CI]
Age	Configural Invariance	112.424	40	.973	—	.082	[.064, .100]
	Pattern Identity Invariance	142.684	56	.968	−.005	.076	[.060, .091]
	Strong Factorial Invariance	173.593	80	.966	−.002	.066	[.052, .079]
Education	Configural Invariance	86.280	24	.977	—	.076	[.059, .093]
	Pattern Identity Invariance	99.994	32	.975	−.002	.069	[.054, .084]
	Strong Factorial Invariance	122.958	44	.971	−.004	.063	[.050, .076]
Ethnicity	Configural Invariance	81.672	16	.976	—	.078	[.061, .095]
	Pattern Identity Invariance	83.246	20	.976	.000	.068	[.053, .084]
	Strong Factorial Invariance	88.732	26	.977	.001	.060	[.046, .073]
Gender	Configural Invariance	91.839	16	.972	—	.084	[.067, .100]
	Pattern Identity Invariance	97.756	20	.971	−.001	.076	[.061, .091]
	Strong Factorial Invariance	112.064	26	.968	−.003	.070	[.057, .083]
Race	Configural Invariance	67.817	16	.978	—	.073	[.056, .091]
	Pattern Identity Invariance	69.539	20	.979	.001	.064	[.048, .080]
	Strong Factorial Invariance	89.886	26	.973	−.006	.064	[.049, .078]
Skin tone	Configural Invariance	124.397	24	.958	—	.098	[.081, .115]
	Pattern Identity Invariance	155.343	32	.948	−.010	.094	[.080, .109]
	Strong Factorial Invariance	201.558	44	.935	−.013	.091	[.078, .104]
Stage of Change	Configural Invariance	79.228	24	.974	—	.071	[.054, .089]
	Pattern Identity Invariance	88.925	32	.973	−.001	.063	[.047, .078]
	Strong Factorial Invariance	145.220	44	.953	−.020	.071	[.059, .084]