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. 2015 Oct 1;5:69. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2015.00069

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Copyright © 2015 Salminen, Kopra, Hyvärinen, Paju, Mäntylä, Buhlin, Nieminen, Sinisalo and Pussinen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The associations (OR) between periodontal parameters and the four bacteria investigated. ORs are calculated for the association between the periodontal parameters and highest levels of periodontal pathogen concentrations. The regression models were adjusted for the number of teeth and implants, age, gender, smoking, and diabetes. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals. High ABL: ABL from moderate to severe compared to no to mild ABL; high PPD4: ≥17 sites with PPD 4–5 mm compared to < 17 sites; high PPD6: ≥7 sites with PPD ≥ 6 mm compared to < 7 sites; high BOP: BOP% ≥ 40 compared to < 40%, periodontitis: moderate to severe periodontitis compared to no to mild periodontitis. ABL, alveolar bone loss; PPD, pocket probing depth; BOP, bleeding on probing.