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. 2015 Oct 1;5:14659. doi: 10.1038/srep14659

Figure 2. Electron beam energy spectra vs varying nitrogen gas concentration.

Figure 2

(a–c) Electron energy spectra versus nitrogen concentrations (0.1% to 1%) for ≈30 TW laser power and 5 × 1018 cm−3 plasma density. The laser-plasma parameter kpw0 = 11.9 unmatched with 2(a0)1/2 = 2 (d) peak (not the maximum) energy and energy-spread (FWHM) of the generated electron beams. The laser-plasma parameters are kpw0 ~ 10.8–12.2, unmatched with 2(a0)1/2 ≈ 2–2.1. Zero percent nitrogen concentration means pure He gas, while 100% means pure nitrogen gas. Each data point is the average of 7 typical spectra and the error bars illustrate 2σ, where σ is the standard deviation of the electron spectra and energy spread from the mean values. (e) Deconvoluted electron spectrum of the right panel image in (b) for 412 MeV beam.