Table 1. Effect of Temperature on Toxin Detoxification by C. cirtidora plant extracts.
CONTROL | Temp (OC) | DETOXIFICATION (%) AFB1 |
DETOXIFICATION (%) AFB2 |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3 hr | 6 hr | 12 hr | 24 hr | 48 hr | 72 hr | 3 hr | 6 hr | 12 hr | 24 hr | 48 hr | 72 hr | ||
TOXIN | 25 | 0.25d | 0.71cd | 1.45bc | 1.71b | 1.94b | 2.86a | 0.12c | 0.53bc | 0.72abc | 0.84abc | 1.02ab | 1.44a |
30 | 0.80d | 0.80d | 1.88cd | 2.30bc | 3.07ab | 3.81a | 0.17c | 0.68bc | 0.79bc | 0.99ab | 1.16ab | 1.66a | |
35 | 1.21c | 2.54bc | 2.54bc | 3.01abc | 3.80ab | 4.49a | 0.23c | 0.82bc | 0.87bc | 1.14b | 1.31ab | 1.88a | |
40 | 2.21b | 3.53ab | 3.87ab | 4.33a | 4.46a | 5.15a | 0.28c | 0.94bc | 0.97bc | 1.29b | 1.46ab | 2.11a | |
45 | 3.20b | 4.53ab | 5.13a | 5.19a | 5.66a | 5.82a | 0.33c | 1.02bc | 1.12b | 1.44b | 1.61b | 2.33a | |
50 | 4.19b | 5.52ab | 5.79ab | 6.48a | 6.51a | 6.98a | 0.38c | 1.09bc | 1.27b | 1.59b | 1.76b | 2.55a | |
55 | 5.18c | 6.45bc | 6.51bc | 7.14ab | 7.84ab | 8.30a | 0.43d | 1.16cd | 1.42bc | 1.73bc | 1.91b | 2.78a | |
60 | 6.18c | 7.11c | 7.50c | 7.80bc | 9.16ab | 9.63a | 0.49d | 1.24cd | 1.57bc | 1.88bc | 2.06b | 3.00a | |
TOXIN + WATER | 25 | 0.28b | 1.48b | 2.72ab | 3.38a | 3.35a | 3.36a | 0.29c | 0.47c | 1.32bc | 1.47abc | 2.25ab | 2.46a |
30 | 1.10c | 2.64bc | 3.23ab | 3.56ab | 3.97ab | 4.19a | 0.36c | 1.14bc | 1.56bc | 2.04ab | 2.41ab | 3.41a | |
35 | 2.44c | 3.44bc | 4.80ab | 5.09a | 5.49a | 5.85a | 1.20c | 1.23c | 2.26b | 2.73ab | 2.87ab | 3.34a | |
40 | 3.76c | 4.76bc | 6.13ab | 6.48a | 6.74a | 6.84a | 1.98c | 2.69bc | 3.37ab | 3.40ab | 3.71a | 3.84a | |
45 | 5.08c | 6.08bc | 7.45ab | 7.47ab | 7.83a | 8.40a | 2.72c | 3.92b | 4.09ab | 4.18ab | 4.49ab | 4.96a | |
50 | 6.41c | 7.41bc | 8.46ab | 8.77ab | 8.82ab | 10.05a | 3.46b | 4.44b | 4.46b | 5.60a | 5.67a | 6.07a | |
55 | 7.73c | 8.73bc | 9.46bc | 9.82b | 10.10b | 11.71a | 4.21b | 4.83b | 4.96b | 6.72a | 7.15a | 7.19a | |
60 | 9.05c | 10.05bc | 10.45bc | 10.81bc | 11.42b | 13.36a | 4.95b | 5.20b | 5.48b | 7.84a | 8.31a | 8.64a | |
TREATMENTS | |||||||||||||
TOXIN + CORYMBIA LEAF | 25 | 54.51d | 57.22d | 63.80cd | 70.38bc | 76.95ab | 81.68a | 71.37c | 74.35bc | 77.32abc | 78.81ab | 80.30ab | 81.04a |
30 | 60.41d | 64.84d | 69.26cd | 73.69bc | 78.12ab | 82.55a | 72.86c | 76.08bc | 79.55abc | 81.04ab | 82.03ab | 83.27a | |
35 | 63.95e | 68.49de | 73.04cd | 77.58bc | 82.13ab | 86.67a | 74.35b | 78.31ab | 81.79a | 82.53a | 83.52a | 84.76a | |
40 | 66.38e | 70.00de | 74.97cd | 79.94bc | 84.91ab | 89.88a | 75.83b | 80.55ab | 84.02a | 84.02a | 85.01a | 86.25a | |
45 | 74.63d | 78.83d | 83.03c | 87.22b | 91.42a | 93.72a | 77.32b | 82.78ab | 86.25a | 85.51a | 86.50a | 87.74a | |
50 | 80.62e | 84.88d | 89.14c | 93.40b | 94.68ab | 96.82a | 78.81b | 85.01ab | 88.48a | 86.99a | 87.99a | 89.23a | |
55 | 87.17e | 91.91d | 93.79c | 94.94bc | 96.49ab | 97.94a | 80.30b | 87.24ab | 90.72a | 88.48a | 89.48a | 90.72a | |
60 | 94.11d | 96.16c | 97.89b | 98.58b | 99.38a | 99.56a | 81.79b | 89.48a | 89.97a | 90.96a | 91.20a | 92.20a | |
TOXIN + CORYMBIA BRANCH | 25 | 33.57d | 38.02cd | 42.93cd | 51.45bc | 60.68ab | 67.94a | 37.90e | 42.36de | 47.57cd | 51.29bc | 55.01ab | 59.10a |
30 | 38.93c | 41.89c | 45.01c | 52.19bc | 63.06ab | 69.13a | 39.38e | 44.10de | 49.80cd | 53.52bc | 56.75ab | 60.96a | |
35 | 43.10c | 46.35c | 49.18c | 55.76bc | 66.33ab | 71.81a | 40.87d | 46.33cd | 52.03bc | 55.01b | 58.23ab | 62.45a | |
40 | 50.30c | 53.80bc | 56.03bc | 62.91b | 73.78a | 78.96a | 42.36d | 48.56cd | 54.27bc | 56.50b | 59.72ab | 63.94a | |
45 | 51.78c | 57.37bc | 59.30bc | 64.10b | 74.37a | 82.53a | 43.85d | 50.79cd | 56.50bc | 57.99b | 61.21ab | 65.43a | |
50 | 52.16d | 55.95d | 59.90cd | 64.40c | 74.67b | 83.72a | 45.34d | 53.03c | 58.73bc | 59.47b | 62.70ab | 66.91a | |
55 | 54.46d | 58.71cd | 62.88cd | 67.67bc | 75.59b | 84.02a | 46.82d | 55.26c | 60.96bc | 60.96bc | 64.19ab | 68.40a | |
60 | 56.55d | 60.20cd | 63.18cd | 68.27bc | 76.56b | 85.21a | 48.31d | 57.49c | 62.45bc | 63.19bc | 65.67ab | 69.89a |
Data were analyzed by analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Values with different alphabetic letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05) among tested plant extracts as determined by Tukey’s Multiple Range test.