Table 1.

The cardiac and non-cardiac causes of raised troponin (note this is not an exhaustive list).

Cardiac	Direct myocardial damage (e.g. myocardial contusion)
	Infiltrative (e.g. amyloidosis and sarcoidosis)
	Inflammatory (e.g. myocarditis and/or pericarditis, including infective causes)
	Ischaemic heart disease (e.g. myocardial infarction)
	Myocardial demand (e.g. tachyarrhythmia)
	Myocardial strain (e.g. heart failure)
Non-cardiac	Acute aortic dissection
	Acute respiratory distress syndrome
	Chemotherapy
	Hypotension/shock
	Muscle trauma
	Pulmonary embolism
	Renal failure
	Subarachnoid haemorrhage/stroke
	Strenuous exercise
	Sympathomimetic drugs