Table 2.
Study and baseline characteristics for studies meeting inclusion criteria for open total thyroidectomy
| Reference | Country | Interventions evaluated | n | Mean Age ± SD or (range) | % Male | Study length (months) | Included endpointsa, b |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Askar 2011 [19] | Turkey | Harmonic Focus | 65 | 41.81 ± 13.4 | 16.9 % | 24 | Operating time, Intra-operative blood loss, Length of stay, Post-operative pain, Drainage fluid volume, Hemorrhage requiring surgery, Hypocalcemia, RLN paresis |
| Knot-tying with electrocautery | 65 | 36.24 ± 12.62 | 24.6 % | ||||
| Cannizzaro 2014 [12] | Italy | Harmonic Focus | 141 | 53 (12 to 81) | 16.0 % | 24 | Operative time, Intra-operative blood loss, Length of stay, Serum calcium, Hypocalcemia, RLN paresis |
| Monopolar or bipolar electrocautery, suture and clips | 124 | ||||||
| Di Renzo 2010 [18] | Italy | Harmonic Focus | 31 | 50.5 ± 12.1 | 26.0 % | 8 | Operating time, Length of stay, Hemorrhage requiring surgery, Hypocalcemia, RLN paresis |
| Classic suture ligation | 31 | 51.5 ± 13.7 | 22.0 % | ||||
| Docimo 2012 [16] | Italy | Harmonic Focus | 100 | 46 (16 to 70) | 30.0 % | 24 | Operating time, Hemorrhage requiring surgery, Hypocalcemia, RLN paresis, Wound seroma |
| Conventional clamp and tie | 100 | 40.0 % | |||||
| Duan 2013 [14] | China | Harmonic Focus | 389 | 48.5 ± 21.8 | 4.89 % | Not reported | Operating time, Length of stay, Hemorrhage requiring surgery, RLN paresis, Hypocalcemia |
| Suture/clip ligation withelectrocautery | 389 | 50.1 ± 19.3 | 5.82 % | ||||
| Ferri 2011 [20] | Italy | Harmonic Focus | 50 | 48.7 (21 to 73) | 44.0 % | 12 | Operating time, Post-operative pain, Length of stay, Drainage fluid volume, Hypocalcemia, RLN paresis |
| Knot tying with electrocautery | 50 | 51.4 (23 to 72) | 38.0 % | ||||
| Gentileschi 2011 [21] | Italy | Harmonic Focus | 43 | 49.0 ± 13 | 20.9 % | 12 | Operating time, Length of stay, Hemorrhage requiring surgery, Hypocalcemia, RLN paresis |
| Conventional technique (knot-tying with electrocautery) | 38 | 48.0 ± 15 | 10.5 % | ||||
| Konturek 2012 [9] | Poland | Harmonic Focus | 41 | 41.1 ± 7.5 | 17.1 % | 11 | Operating time, Intra-operative blood loss, Length of stay, Hemorrhage requiring surgery, Hypocalcemia, RLN paresis, Wound seroma |
| Bipolar electrocautery and clip | 41 | 42.0 ± 7.5 | 19.5 % | ||||
| Materazzi 2013 [17] | Italy | Harmonic Focus | 141 | 51.68 ± 12.2 | 19.5 % | 55 | Operating time, Length of stay, Hemorrhage requiring surgery, Hypocalcemia, RLN paresis |
| Conventional clamp and tie | 127 | 53.97 ± 12.5 | 27.6 % | ||||
| Miccoli 2010 [10] | Italy | Harmonic Focus | 31 | 48.6 (29 to 67) | 29.0 % | Not reported | Operating time, Volume of drainage fluid, Post-operative pain, RLN paresis |
| Suture/clip ligation with electrocautery | 31 | 53.2 (18 to 75) | 25.8 % | ||||
| Mourad 2011 [22] | Belgium | Harmonic Focus | 34 | 50.0 ± 15 | 23.5 % | 6 | Operating time, Intra-operative blood loss, Hypocalcemia, RLN paresis |
| Monopolar electrocautery with clamp and tie | 34 | 47.0 ± 12 | 23.5 % | ||||
| Pons 2009 [8] | France | Harmonic Focus | 20 | 55.0 ± 11 | 20.0 % | Not reported | Operating time, Intra-operative blood loss, Hemorrhage requiring surgery, Hypocalcemia, RLN paresis |
| Conventional clamp and tie | 20 | ||||||
| Sista 2012 [13] | Italy | Harmonic Focus | 130 | 49.3 (32 to 76)) | 23.8 % | 14 | Operating time, RLN paresis, Hypocalcemia |
| Monopolar or bipolar diathermy and ligature | 131 | 51.1 (39 to 78) | 22.1 % | ||||
| Soroush 2013 [15] | Iran | Harmonic Focus | 33 | 38.7 ± 13.5 | 48.5 % | 12 | Operating time, Intra-operative blood loss, Length of stay, RLN paresis |
| Conventional clamp and tie | 35 | 43.2 ± 14.5 | 54.3 % |
aLength of stay endpoint refers to length of hospitalization stay
bReported endpoints that did not separate total and partial thyroidectomy results were excluded from the analysis