Table 2.

Prevalence of SPn colonization in relation to various factors during respiratory tract infection

Characteristic		Colonized (n = 367)	Non-colonized (n = 533)	PR (95 % CI)	P value
Age (months) a:	<24c	90	158
	24–47	196	222	1.050 (0.813–1.356)	0.840
	48–71	75	137	0.736 (0.542–0.999)	0.049
Sex	Male	199	293	0.982 (0.939–1.150)	0.824
	Femalec	168	240
Siblings		145	189	1.114 (0.949–1.308)	0.187
DCC attendanceb		270	338	1.423 (1.105–1.832)	0.006
Signs and symptoms:	Coryza	276	390	0.962 (0.753–1.230)	0.757
	Cough	240	331	1.133 (0.884–1.452)	0.323
	Fever	213	304	0.919 (0.740–1.143)	0.449
	Tonsils	191	260	1.074 (0.882–1.308)	0.478
	Auscultation	62	102	1.391 (0.881–2.197)	0.157
	Throat	295	416	1.087 (0.693–1.704)	0.716
Recovery:	1–2 weeksc	213	382
	3–4 weeks	114	98	1.502 (1.274–1.771)	< 0.001
	> 4 weeks	8	12	1.117 (0.646–1.932)	0.691
Antimicrobial use		204	157	1.901 (1.618–2.234)	< 0.001
Diagnoses	URTIc	208	384
	Bronchitis	62	51	1.562 (1.279–1.907)	< 0.001
	Pneumonia	14	10	1.660 (1.164–2.369)	0.005
	Sinusitis	23	13	1.818 (1.390–2.379)	< 0.001
	AOM	35	41	1.311 (1.004–1.712)	0.047
	Others	5	7	1.186 (0.602–2.337)	0.622
	Non-specified	20	27	1.211 (0.854–1.718)	0.283

PR (95 % CI)–prevalence ratio and 95 % confidence interval of Streptococcus pneumoniae nasopharyngeal colonization

Coryza–nasal secretion and/or nasal congestion

Fever–body temperature above 37.0 °C

Throat–signs of inflammation of the throat, including redness, oedema, and papules

Tonsils–signs of inflammation of the palatine tonsils, including redness, oedema, coating, and blisters

Auscultation–auscultation of the lungs, including signs of obstruction, rales, and crackles

^aAdjusted for DCC attendance

^bAdjusted for age

^cRefference group for each comparison