Table 6.
Clinical risk factors associated with 30-day hospital readmission after sepsis hospitalization
| No Readmission (n = 2,661) | Readmissions (n = 959) | P Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical factors at presentation | |
|||
| Age, yr | 60 ± 16 | 58 ± 16 | 0.004 |
|
| Male sex, n (%) | 1,471 (55.3) | 529 (55.2) | 0.95 |
|
| Race, n (%) | |
|||
| White | 1,415 (55.4) | 546 (58.7) | 0.23 |
|
| Black | 988 (38.6) | 339 (36.4) | ||
| Asian | 68 (2.7) | 17 (1.8) | ||
| Other | 85 (3.3) | 28 (3.0) | ||
| Marital status, n (%) | |
|||
| Married | 1,205 (45.3) | 440 (45.9) | |
|
| Single/never married | 971 (36.5) | 353 (36.8) | 0.82 |
|
| Divorced/separated/widowed | 485 (18.2) | 166 (17.3) | |
|
| Insurance status, n (%) | |
|||
| Medicare | 1,295 (48.7) | 410 (42.9) | 0.005 |
|
| Medicaid | 240 (9.0) | 86 (9.0) | ||
| Private | 1,110 (41.8) | 458 (47.9) | ||
| None | 14 (0.8) | 2 (0.2) | ||
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | 2 (1–5) | 3 (2–5) | 0.004 |
|
| Any malignancy diagnosis* | 797 (30.0) | 401 (41.8) | <0.001 |
|
| Number of hospitalizations in prior year† | |
|||
| 0 | 1,256 (47.2) | 316 (32.9) | |
|
| 1–5 | 1,302 (48.9) | 550 (57.4) | <0.001 |
|
| >5 | 103 (3.9) | 93 (9.7) | |
|
| Index admission type: nonelective | 2,231 (83.8) | 833 (86.9) | 0.02 |
|
| Clinical factors during hospitalization | ||||
| Length of stay, d | 12.2 (6.0–23.2) | 13.9 (6.6–27.6) | <0.001 |
|
| Use of mechanical ventilation | 636 (23.9) | 206 (21.5) | 0.13 |
|
| Acute dialysis | 253 (9.5) | 94 (9.8) | 0.79 |
|
| Acute neurologic dysfunction | 287 (10.8) | 96 (10.0) | 0.50 |
|
| Shock | 751 (28.2) | 252 (26.3) | 0.25 |
|
| Intensive care unit admission | 1,405 (52.8) | 503 (52.4) | 0.86 |
|
| Procedures (≥1)† | 2,194 (82.4) | 856 (89.3) | <0.001 |
|
| Clinical factors at discharge |
||||
| Number of medications at discharge | 14 (8–20) | 15 (10–22) | <0.001 |
|
| Discharge hemoglobin, g/dl | 9.6 (8.8–10.6) | 9.2 (8.5–10.1) | <0.001 |
|
| Low discharge hemoglobin, ≤9.5 g/dl†‡ | 1,270 (48.0) | 574 (59.9) | <0.001 |
|
| Discharge sodium, mEq/L | 138 (136–140) | 138 (136–140) | 0.81 |
|
| Low discharge sodium, <135 mEq/L † | 371 (14.0) | 120 (12.5) | 0.25 |
|
| Discharge creatinine, mEq/L | 0.88 (0.66–1.30) | 0.86 (0.64–1.31) | 0.33 |
|
| Discharge RDW, mEq/L‡ | 16.4 (14.8–18.4) | 16.7 (15.3–19.0) | 0.002 |
|
| RDW <15.0% | 713 (27.0) | 191 (19.9) | |
|
| RDW 15.0–18.4% (25th–75th percentile) | 1,277 (48.3) | 493 (51.5) | <0.001 |
|
| RDW ≥18.5% | 654 (24.7) | 274 (28.6) | ||
Definition of abbreviation: RDW = red cell distribution width.
Categorical variables are presented as counts and percentages. Continuous variables are presented as means and standard deviations or median and interquartile ranges, as determined by their distribution.
*
According to International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, malignancy codes per Deyo-Charlson (25).
†
Categorized as described by and Donzé and colleagues (24).
‡
Categorized based on observed distribution.