Table 1.
Characteristics of patients with hypertension and diabetes, by the presence or absence of airflow limitation
| Variable* | Hypertension |
Diabetes |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FEV1 ≥ 80% (n = 2,026) | FEV1 < 80% (n = 4,825) | P Value | FEV1 ≥ 80% (n = 571) | FEV1 < 80% (n = 1,546) | P Value | |
| Age, yr | 63.0 ± 10.8 | 66.9 ± 10.2 | <0.001 | 63.1 ± 9.7 | 65.5 ± 9.8 | <0.001 |
| Male | 1,887 (93.2%) | 4,688 (97.2%) | <0.001 | 531 (93.0%) | 1503 (97.2%) | <0.001 |
| History of diabetes | 570 (28.1%) | 1,634 (33.8%) | <0.001 | — | — | |
| History of hypertension | — | — | 451 (79.0%) | 1,222 (79.0%) | 0.977 | |
| Smoker in the past year | 629 (31.0%) | 1,708 (35.4%) | 0.001 | 149 (26.1%) | 465 (30.1%) | 0.073 |
| CHF | 191 (8.9%) | 1,002 (20.7%) | <0.001 | 75 (13.1%) | 382 (24.7%) | <0.001 |
| History of lung cancer | 18 (0.9%) | 158 (3.2%) | <0.001 | 2 (0.35%) | 48 (3.1%) | <0.001 |
| History of ACS | 62 (3.1%) | 220 (4.6%) | 0.004 | 20 (3.5%) | 62 (4.0%) | 0.591 |
| History of OSA | 238 (11.7%) | 535 (11.1%) | 0.431 | 101 (17.7%) | 256 (16.6%) | 0.538 |
| History of depression | 605 (29.9%) | 1,080 (22.4%) | <0.001 | 165 (28.7%) | 369 (23.9%) | 0.022 |
| History of schizophrenia | 32 (1.6%) | 95 (1.9%) | 0.275 | 11 (1.9%) | 33 (2.1%) | 0.766 |
| Airflow obstruction on PFT | 348 (17.2%) | 2,630 (54.5%) | <0.001 | 64 (11.2%) | 656 (42.4%) | <0.001 |
| FEV1 | ||||||
| 50% ≤ FEV1 < 80% | — | 3,393 (70.3%) | — | 1,129 (73.0%) | ||
| 30% ≤ FEV1 < 50% predicted | — | 1,120 (23.2%) | — | 337 (21.8%) | ||
| FEV1 < 30% predicted | — | 312 (6.5%) | — | 80 (5.2%) | ||
| History of COPD exacerbation in past year | 60 (3.0%) | 619 (12.8%) | <0.001 | 12 (2.1%) | 158 (10.2%) | <0.001 |
| BMI† | <0.001 | 0.407 | ||||
| 25–30 | 656 (32.4%) | 1,475 (30.6%) | 145 (25.4%) | 367 (23.7%) | ||
| >30 | 1,118 (55.2%) | 2,380 (49.3%) | 387 (67.8%) | 1,023 (66.2%) | ||
| Race | <0.001 | 0.003 | ||||
| White | 1,443 (71.2%) | 3,529 (73.1%) | 408 (71.5%) | 1,099 (71.1%) | ||
| Nonwhite | 125 (6.2%) | 451 (9.3%) | 39 (6.8%) | 174 (11.3%) | ||
| Unknown | 458 (22.6%) | 845 (17.5%) | 124 (21.7%) | 273 (17.7%) | ||
| Number of oral medications | 3.01 ± 1.34 | 3.12 ± 1.37 | 0.002 | 4.19 ± 1.25 | 4.12 ± 1.31 | 0.844 |
| Number of respiratory medications | 0.87 ± 1.10 | 1.67 ± 1.40 | <0.001 | 0.84 ± 1.09 | 1.54 ± 1.37 | <0.001 |
Definition of abbreviations: ACS = acute coronary syndrome; BMI = body mass index; CHF = congestive heart failure; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; OSA = obstructive sleep apnea; PFT = pulmonary function testing.
*
Values represent n (percent) with the exception of age (mean, SD).
†
Sixty subjects were missing BMI values.