Table 1.

Measurements of spiritual, religious, and psychosocial background factors

Scale/Subscale	Cronbach’s α (Previous Studies)	Score Range	What the Scale Measures	Examples
Sanctification of the body	0.98 (0.74–0.98)*	12–84 (Likert)	Belief that the sacred is manifest in their child’s body	“My child’s body is created in God’s image.”
Manifestation of God
Sacred qualities	0.98 (0.74–0.98)	10–70 (Likert)	The extent to which respondents perceive their child’s body as having sacred qualities	“My child’s body is miraculous.”
Religious coping styles (RCOPE)	0.86 (0.85–0.93)†	0–21 (Likert)	How often positive religious coping is used	“Looked for a stronger connection with God”
Positive religious coping
Negative religious coping	0.86 (0.85–0.93)	0–21 (Likert)	How often negative religious coping is used	“Wondered what I did for God to punish me”
Problem solving	0.86 (0.85–0.93)	Item level	How often religious coping is used for problem solving or control of a stressor	“Tried to deal with the situation on my own without God’s help.”
Religiosity (Duke)	0.84 (0.75)‡	5–27	Three dimensions of religiosity: organizational, nonorganizational, and intrinsic	“How often do you attend church or other religious meetings?”
Faith, peace, and meaning (FACIT)	0.88 (0.84)§	0–48 (Likert)	Three spiritual domains in persons dealing with chronic illnesses	“I find comfort in my spiritual beliefs.”
Depression (CES-D)	0.93 (0.63–0.93)‖	0–60 (Likert)	How often the child experienced symptoms	“I talked less than usual.”
Marital adjustment (dyadic)	0.92 (0.96)¶	0–151	Quality of relationship in married or cohabitating couples	“Do you and your mate engage in outside interests together?”

Definition of abbreviations: CES-D = Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; FACIT = Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Spiritual Well-being Scale; RCOPE = Religious Coping Scale.

^*Mahoney and colleagues (17).

^†Pargament and colleagues (41).

^‡Koenig and colleagues (42).

^§Canada and colleagues (43).

^‖Radloff (27).

^¶Spanier (44).