Table 1.
Characteristics of women, pregnancy and delivery: distribution in the cohort of PPH and risk of death. Univariate and multivariate analysis
| Number | Percent | CFR* (%) | OR | 95 % CI | aORa | 95 % CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women and pregnancy | |||||||
| Country of residence | |||||||
| Senegal | 2551 | 77.8 | 4.8 | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| Mali | 727 | 22.2 | 7.7 | 1.56 | 1.05–2.31 | 1.84 | 1.13–3.00 |
| Location of residence | |||||||
| In the city of the hospital | 2058 | 63.5 | 5.0 | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| Outside the city but in the same region | 982 | 30.3 | 5.1 | 1.18 | 0.77–1.80 | 1.49 | 0.91–2.44 |
| Outside the region | 203 | 6.3 | 10.8 | 2.25 | 1.30–3.89 | 2.43 | 1.29–4.56 |
| Age | |||||||
| Less than20 years | 649 | 19.8 | 4.2 | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| Between 20 and 35 years | 2094 | 63.9 | 5.3 | 1.34 | 0.87–2.07 | 1.48 | 0.93–2.44 |
| More than35 years | 535 | 16.3 | 7.5 | 1.88 | 1.13–3.13 | 2.16 | 1.26–3.72 |
| Parity | |||||||
| Nulliparous | 691 | 21.1 | 5.5 | 1.00 | - | ||
| Multiparous without previous caesarean | 2436 | 74.3 | 5.4 | 0.99 | 0.68–1.44 | ||
| Multiparous with previous caesarean | 151 | 4.6 | 8.0 | 0.90 | 0.41–1.98 | ||
| Number of prenatal visit | |||||||
| No visit | 510 | 15.8 | 7.5 | 1.47 | 0.99–2.17 | 1.14 | 0.74–1.74 |
| Between1 and 4 | 2514 | 78.0 | 4.8 | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| More than4 | 201 | 6.2 | 6.5 | 1.38 | 0.76–2.52 | 1.39 | 0.74–2.61 |
| Preexisting disease before pregnancyb | 17 | 0.5 | 35.3 | 9.47 | 3.35–26.73 | 7.54 | 2.54–22.44 |
| Multiple pregnancy | 184 | 5.6 | 5.4 | 1.00 | 0.52–1.96 | ||
| Prepartum severe anemia (<7 g/dL) | 85 | 2.6 | 25.9 | 7.05 | 4.15–11.98 | 6.65 | 3.77–11.74 |
| Gestational hypertensive disordersc | 406 | 12.4 | 7.4 | 1.69 | 1.10–2.59 | 1.57 | 0.98–2.52 |
| Referral from another health facility | 2045 | 62.4 | 5.9 | 1.32 | 0.95–1.84 | 1.10 | 0.77–1.57 |
| Labor and delivery | |||||||
| Induction of labor | 554 | 16.9 | 4.3 | 0.84 | 0.53–1.35 | ||
| Prolonged labor | 710 | 21.7 | 7.8 | 1.64 | 1.15–2.33 | 1.21 | 0.79-1.84 |
| Mode of delivery | |||||||
| Spontaneous vaginal | 2751 | 84.2 | 4.7 | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| C-section after the onset of labor | 316 | 9.7 | 8.2 | 1.77 | 1.13–2.78 | 1.54 | 0.91–2.61 |
| C-section before the onset of labor | 124 | 3.8 | 7.3 | 1.69 | 0.83–3.46 | 1.86 | 0.89–3.91 |
| Forceps/Vacuum | 77 | 2.4 | 13.0 | 2.80 | 1.39–5.68 | 2.63 | 1.19–5.81 |
| Birth weight | |||||||
| Less than 2500 grs | 1594 | 48.6 | 4.8 | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| 2500–4000 gs | 1600 | 48.8 | 5.3 | 1.09 | 0.79–1.50 | 1.02 | 0.72–1.44 |
| More than 4000 grs | 84 | 2.6 | 20.2 | 4.88 | 2.69–8.84 | 2.54 | 1.26–5.10 |
| Total | 3278 | 100.0 | 5.4 | ||||
*CFR: Case fatality rate. aaOR: Odds Ratio and 95 % confidence interval, adjusted for country of residence, location of residence, age, number of prenatal visit, preexisting disease before pregnancy, prepartum severe anemia, gestational hypertensive disorders, referred from another health facility, prolonged labor, mode of delivery and birth weight (N = 3179 PPH). Missing data: Location of residence (n = 35), number of prenatal visit (n = 53), induction of labor (n = 7), referred from another health facility (n = 1), mode of delivery (n = 10). bPreexisting disease before pregnancy: HIV, chronic pulmonary, cardiac or renal diseases, sickle cell trait or chronic hypertension. cGestational hypertensive disorders: gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, eclampsia, HELPP syndrome