Table 2.

Marine fish populations that have exhibited negligible recovery following the year in which the primary threat (targeted or bycatch-related fishing mortality) ceased or was greatly reduced. Abundance (N) is expressed as a percentage of maximum observed population size (N_max).

species	population	N when threat was mitigated	year of threat mitigation	consecutive years below 10%Nmax	current N	reference
Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)	Northern cod	2%Nmax	1992	25	5%Nmax	[42,43]
	Southern Gulf of St Lawrence	27%Nmax	1994	2	5%Nmax	[42,44] (DP Swain, personal communication, 17 March 2015)
	Eastern Scotian Shelf	12%Nmax	1994	9	9%Nmax	[42] (DP Swain, personal communication, 11 March 2015)
	Kattegat	13%Nmax	2002	3	18%Nmax	http://ices.dk/community/advisory-process/Pages/Latest-Advice.aspx
eastern gemfish (Rexea solandri)	Western Australia	5%Nmax	1992	9	15%Nmax	[45,46]
cusk (Brosme brosme)	Eastern Canada	9%Nmax	1996	8	12%Nmax	[47]
winter skate (Leucoraja ocellata)	Southern Gulf of St Lawrence	13%Nmax	1991	16	2%Nmax	[44,48]
American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides)	Southern Gulf of St Lawrence	24%Nmax	1999	0	13%Nmax	[44,49]
	South Newfoundland	6%Nmax	1994	15	12%Nmax	[47,50]
white hake (Urophycis tenuis)	Southern Gulf of St Lawrence	6%Nmax	1994	1	6%Nmax	[44,51]
	Northern Gulf of St Lawrence	8%Nmax	1994	1	15%Nmax	[52]
roundnose grenadier (Coryphaenoides rupestris)	Labrador Shelf/Northeast Newfoundland	8%Nmax	1992	10	8%Nmax	[52]
bocaccio (Sebastes paucispinis)	British Columbia	6%Nmax	2003	17	6%Nmax	[53]
porbeagle (Lamna nasus)	Eastern Canada	15%Nmax	2003	0	15%Nmax	[54]