Figure 6.

Effect of the AuNPs on intracellular ROS production and ER stress-related protein expression.

Notes: (A) CM-H₂ DCFDA-loaded endothelial cells were treated with H₂O₂ (100 μM), vehicle, or the AuNPs (2 ppm) for the indicated time intervals. Intracellular ROS production was measured by fluorometry (n=4). (B) The cells were treated with thapsigargin, vehicle (ddH₂O), or the AuNPs for the indicated time intervals; the ER stress-related protein expression was determined by Western blotting (n=3).

Abbreviations: AuNPs, gold nanoparticles; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; ROS, reactive oxygen species.