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. 2015 Sep 14;11(8):1431–1433. doi: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1062202

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Caloric restriction increases NPY in the hypothalamus that in turn induces autophagy in hypothalamic neurons through NPY1R or NPY5R activation through a combination of intracellular pathways. NPY1R activates both AKT and PKA signaling pathways in a PI3K-dependent manner and NPY5R activation increases both MAPK/ERK and PKA phosphorylation.