Table 1.

Recommendations for developers and users of NHANES chemical biomarker data.

Recommendations	Supporting references
Follow NCHS recommendations when acquiring, managing, and analyzing NHANES biomarker data	CDC 2010
Utilize guidance documents when planning, executing, communicating, and reviewing research based on NHANES biomarker data	Hays et al. 2008; LaKind et al. 2008, 2014
Establish best practices for addressing measurement variability/error in both exposure assessment and health association studies	LaKind et al. 2014; Phillips et al. 2014; Pleil and Sobus 2013
Establish best practices for adjusting biomarker measurements for biological matrix effects in both exposure assessment and health association studies	Christensen et al. 2014; LaKind et al. 2014
Establish best practices for using NHANES biomarker data to evaluate/calibrate exposure models and/or pharmacokinetic models	Wambaugh et al. 2013; Xue et al. 2010
Perform systematic evaluations of relationships between stressors (chemical and nonchemical) and effects of stressors on human health	Bell and Edwards 2014; Patel et al. 2013
Establish best practices for interpreting individual exposure–health associations against background of all possible associations	Bell and Edwards 2015; Patel and Ioannidis 2014
Establish best practices for interpreting associations between concurrent measures of short-lived biomarkers and health status	LaKind et al. 2012, 2014
Supplement existing (targeted) NHANES biomarker panels using nontargeted analyses of biological samples	Rappaport 2012; Rappaport et al. 2014
Abbreviations: NCHS, National Center for Health Statistics; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.