Table 2.
Mechanism of action of different generations of microbicide candidates.
| Mechanism of action | Candidates |
|---|---|
| First-generation microbicide (GEN-1) | |
| Viral disrupting agents | C-31G (savvy), nonoxynol-9, octoxynol-9, benzalkonium chloride, octyl glycerol/milk lipids, polybiguanides, sodium dodecyl sulphate, Z-14 (acylcarnitine analogue), and so forth. |
|
| |
| Second-generation microbicide (GEN-2) | |
| Blocking HIV binding | Carrageenan, cellulose sulfate, naphthalene sulfonate, PRO 2000/5, dextrin-2-sulfate, heparan sulfate/cholic acid, polyanionic Gp120 inhibitors, polystyrene sulfonate, and so forth. |
|
| |
| New-generation microbicide | |
| gp120-binding agents | mAb b12, CD IgG2, and BMS-806 |
| Gp41-binding agents | T-20 (enfuvirtide), mAb 2F5, 4E10, and T1249 |
| Targeting soluble CD4 receptor | mAb (TNX-355), soluble CD4-IgG |
| Targeting CXCR4 coreceptor | AMD3100, AMD070 small molecules antagonists |
| Targeting CCR5 coreceptor | PRO-140, PSC-RANTES |
| Dendritic cell uptake inhibitor | DC-SIGN and macrophage mannose binding receptor |
| NNRTI (nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors) | MIV-150, TMC120, UC781, and S-DABO |
| NtRTIs (nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors) | PMPA (tenofovir) |
| Integrase inhibitors | S-1360, C-731 |