Table 2.

Emulsifiers used in lipid-based formulations.

Common name/type	Examples
Low HLB (<10) emulsifier
Phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylcholine/solvent mixtures	Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylcholine in propylene glycol, phosphatidylcholine in medium chain triglycerides, and phosphatidylcholine in safflower oil/ethanol
Unsaturated polyglycolized glycerides	Oleoyl macrogolglycerides, linoleoyl macrogolglycerides
Sorbitan esters	Sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan monolaurate, and sorbitan monopalmitate
High HLB (>10) emulsifier
Polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters	Polysorbate 20, polysorbate 40, polysorbate 60, and polysorbate 80
Polyoxyl castor oil derivatives	Polyoxyl 35 castor oil, polyoxyl 40 hydrogenated castor oil
Polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block copolymer	Poloxamer 188, poloxamer 407
Saturated polyglycolized glycerides	Lauroyl macrogolglycerides, stearoyl macrogolglycerides
PEG-8 caprylic/capric glycerides	Caprylocaproyl macrogolglycerides
Vitamin E derivative	Tocopherol PEG succinate