Table 3.

S/number	Materials	Local name	Ethnoveterinary uses	Fidelity levels (%)
1	Limestone		Decoction and concoction	92.3
2	Honey	Zuma H	Wound healing and preservative	100.0
3	Oil	Mai H	Vegetable oil is used in managing poisons and bloats. It can also be used as preservative	100.0
4	Cow butter	Mai-shanu H	Wound healing and preservative	96.3
5	Salts		Preservative and appetite promotion	100.00
6	Used (spent) engine oil	Bakin mai H	Treatment of many skin conditions (e.g., wound, dermatophilosis, mange, and ringworm)	78.3
7	Local potassium (potash)	Kanwa H	Part of decoction to relieve bloat, diarrhea, mastitis; mix with used engine oil to treat dermatophilosis	100.0
8	Cattle fats		Preservatives and treatment of burns	83.3
9	Wood ash		Preservative and disinfectant, specifically for managing foot rot, and its paste rub on cow genital area to induce expulsion of placenta	100.0
10	Kerosene	Kanazine H	Used to wash foot rot area to hasten its healing	88.5
11	Kaolin		Treating diarrhea	100.0
12	Local soap		Treatment of ringworm Treatment of ringworm	86.7

Note: superscript letters H, F, and N represent local names in Hausa, Fulfulde, and Nupe, respectively.