Table 2.
Characteristics of included studies.
| Study∗ | Country | DM type | (n) | Intensive treatment (n) | Conventional treatment (n) | Mean (SD) age (years) | Follow-up time (months) | Female patients (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intensive | Conventional | Intensive | Conventional | |||||||
| Reichard et al. [13] | Sweden | 1 | 96 | 44 | 52 | 29.5 ± 1.1 | 31.6 ± 1 | 50 | 50 | 48 |
| DCCT [14] | USA/Canada | 1 | 1441 | 711 | 730 | 27.1 ± 7.1 | 26.5 ± 7.1 | 60 | 48.5 | 45.9 |
| EDIC [15] | USA/Canada | 1 | 1144 | 588 | 556 | 27 ± 7 | 27 ± 7 | 144 | 49 | 45 |
| Musen et al. [16] | USA/Canada | 1 | 175 | 82 | 93 | 16 ± 2 | 16 ± 2 | 144 | 50 | 62 |
| Naor et al. [17] | Germany | 2 | 40 | 20 | 20 | 63.6 ± 5.3 | 63.8 ± 5.5 | 2 | 60 | 65 |
| Launer et al. [18] | USA/Canada | 2 | 2977 | 1469 | 1508 | 62.3 ± 5.7 | 62.7 ± 5.9 | 40 | 48 | 49 |
| Koekkoek et al. [19] | Netherlands | 2 | 183 | 97 | 86 | 59.3 ± 5.6 | 59.5 ± 5.3 | 120 | 42.3 | 35.7 |
∗All included studies were randomized controlled clinical trials (RCCT).
DCCT: Diabetes Control and Complications Trial; EDIC: Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study.