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Metformin inhibits p21 expression in podocytes. The cells were treated with 5.5 mM or 25 mM D-glucose for three days. For the last 24 h, 8 mM metformin or 100 nM rapamycin were added. (a) Western blotting was performed for p21 and β-actin. (b) Band intensity was quantified by densitometry. Data are arbitrary units (AU) expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 3).
