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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jun 15.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Biol. 2015 Jun 4;25(12):1661–1665. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.04.059

Figure 1. Example scenarios for the evolutionary dynamics of cheating behaviors.

Figure 1

Shaded areas are proportional to the frequencies of different alleles (colors) in a population. (A) Escalating arms races, where epidemics of cheating and/or resistance sweep through populations, (B) Stalemates, where cheaters invade but neither fix nor become lost from the population, resulting in endemic cheating, (C) Mutation-selection balance, where new mutations that produce cheating behaviors are continually introduced into a population, but selection removes them.