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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Oct 2.
Published in final edited form as: Pharmacol Ther. 2014 Jun 16;144(3):268–282. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.06.006

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

Putative toxic interactions between DOPAL and alpha-synucleinopathy in a dopaminergic neuron. According to the autotoxicity concept, DOPAL and alpha-synuclein are nodes in a complex pathogenetic nexus. DOPAL oligomerizes alpha-synuclein, rendering the protein toxic. Divalent metal cations augment DOPAL-induced oligomerization of alpha-synuclein.