Table 3. Changes in blood pressure after receiving the intervention KM2H2, compared to the controls with standard care, results from the mixed effect modeling analysis, by gender.
| Time/variables | Intervention Mean (SD) | Control Mean (SD) | Adjusted Diff. (SD) | Effect Size ES | 95% CI of ES |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Systolic blood pressure | |||||
| Total sample | |||||
| Baseline | 140.72 (17.14) | 141.67 (17.30) | 0.00 (n/a) | n/a | n/a |
| 3 Months | 140.06 (14.93) | 140.57 (16.43) | -0.71 (14.73) | -0.05 | -0.36, 0.26 |
| 6 Months | 136.15 (16.00) | 138.38 (15.31) | -3.72(14.33) | -0.26 | -0.68, 0.16 |
| Male | |||||
| Baseline | 140.86 (16.74) | 142.78 (16.86) | 0.00 (n/a) | n/a | n/a |
| 3 Months | 142.26 (13.71) | 142.75 (16.60) | -2.19 (14.28) | -0.15 | -0.71, 0.41 |
| 6 Months | 137.62 (16.43) | 137.44 (16.22) | -2.46 (14.69) | -0.17 | -0.79, 0.45 |
| Female | |||||
| Baseline | 140.61 (17.51) | 140.93 (17.61) | 0.00 (n/a) | n/a | n/a |
| 3 Months | 139.09 (15.73) | 139.23 (16.26) | 0.14 (15.04) | 0.01 | -0.34, 0.36 |
| 6 Months | 135.22 (15.76) | 138.97 (14.77) | -4.21 (14.10) | -0.30 | -0.78, 0.18 |
| Diastolic blood pressure | |||||
| Total sample | |||||
| Baseline | 86.11 (9.32) | 86.99 (12.26) | 0.00 (n/a) | n/a | n/a |
| 3 Months | 85.52 (9.55) | 87.23 (11.32) | -1.30(9.34) | -0.14 | -0.61, 0.33 |
| 6 Months | 81.19 (9.17) | 84.50 (10.03) | -2.92 (8.14) | -0.36 | -0.99, 0.27 |
| Male | |||||
| Baseline | 86.80 (9.17) | 88.89 (14.33) | 0.00 (n/a) | n/a | n/a |
| 3 Months | 87.47 (8.69) | 89.63 (11.69) | -1.73 (8.81) | -0.20 | -0.84, 0.45 |
| 6 Months | 80.77 (9.96) | 85.44 (10.31) | -3.11 (7.94) | -0.39 | -1.39, 0.61 |
| Female | |||||
| Baseline | 85.57 (9.44) | 85.72 (10.53) | 0.00 (n/a) | n/a | n/a |
| 3 Months | 84.04 (9.94) | 85.75 (10.88) | -1.30 (9.82) | -0.13 | -0.59, 0.32 |
| 6 Months | 81.46 (8.69) | 83.91 (9.85) | -3.43 (8.15) | -0.42 | -0.99, 0.15 |
Note: The program effect on blood pressure reduction was estimated using a Mixed Effect model to adjust for the cluster randomization, baseline difference, repeated measurement, and covariates (i.e., age, income, marital status, years of HBP, adherence to medication, smoking and drinking). SD: Standard deviation; CI: Confidence interval; n/a: not applicable. Adjusted diff.: Adjusted differences.