TABLE 3.
N offspring | Risk ratio (95% CI)
|
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1: adjusted for demographic variables | Model 2: Model 1, further adjusted for maternal mental health indicators | Model 3: Model 2, further adjusted for adolescent socioeconomic status and family structure | Model 4: Model 3, further adjusted for offspring’s experience of abuse | ||
Maternal experience of childhood abuse | |||||
0: no abuse | 2,102 | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
1 | 1,850 | 1.42 (0.90, 2.23) | 1.33 (0.85, 2.10) | 1.34 (0.85, 2.12) | 1.36 (0.85, 2.17) |
2 | 1,591 | 1.80 (1.16, 2.78)c | 1.59 (1.03, 2.47)b | 1.60 (1.03, 2.48)b | 1.41 (0.90, 2.23) |
3 | 1,553 | 2.43 (1.60, 3.69)d | 2.07 (1.36, 3.15)d | 2.04 (1.33, 3.11)d | 1.85(1.18, 2.90)c |
4 | 635 | 2.04 (1.22, 3.44)c | 1.72 (1.01, 2.91)b | 1.73 (1.02, 2.92)b | 1.28 (0.71, 2.29) |
5: severe abuse | 377 | 2.47 (1.37, 4.44)c | 1.92 (1.05, 3.54)b | 1.85 (0.99, 3.43)b | 1.44 (0.76, 2.70) |
Models 1, 2, and 3 include the same participants; the stated N mothers, N offspring, and N observations applies. Model 4 is restricted to offspring with childhood abuse data; results for Model 1 in this subsample were similar to those in the whole sample (RR range = 1.51, 2.55, RR severe abuse = 2.55, 95% CI = 1.37, 4.76). All models adjusted for offspring’s age, sex, and race/ethnicity, and maternal childhood socioeconomic status. Risk ratios were estimated using generalized estimating equations with a log link and a Poisson distribution, using SAS PROC GENMOD. The sample for this table was restricted to offspring with three or more waves of data on depressive symptoms.
P < .05.
P < .01.
P < .001.