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. 2015 Oct 2;9:376. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00376

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Copyright © 2015 Di Mauro, Tozzi, Calabresi, Pettorossi and Grassi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution and reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Induction of long-term depression (LTD) by low frequency stimulation (LFS) depends on the synthesis of DHT. (A,C) Effects of LFS in the presence of different drugs. On the top of panels (A–C) averaged traces (n = 20) of fEPSPs recorded before (thin traces) and 40 min after LFS (thick traces) in different experimental conditions. Graphs in this and following figures report mean ± SEM (n = number of slices) of the fEPSP slope evaluated within 2-min interval and expressed as a percentage of the baseline. The gray bars show the drug infusion time and the black bars the LFS delivering time. (A) Effect of LFS in control condition (filled circles), under finasteride (FIN, filled squares) and 50 nM DHT (open circles). (B) Effect of LFS in control condition (filled circles), under FIN + 50 nM DHT (open circles), FIN + 10 nM DHT (filled triangles) and FIN + 50 nM T (open triangles). (C) Effect of LFS in control condition (filled circles), under FIN (filled squares), letrozole (LET, open circles) and FIN + LET (half-filled squares). (D) Comparison of the fEPSP changes induced by high frequency stimulation (HFS) in control condition and by LFS under different drugs as shown in (A–C). In this and following bar charts data represent mean ± SEM of the fEPSP slope (% of the baseline). Comparisons among long-term potentiation (LTP) (one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), F_8,72 = 54.2, p < 0.0001; Tukey’s post hoc test, **p < 0.001; n.s. = no significant) and LTD (one-way ANOVA, F_3,29 = 0.2, p = 0.85). Note that without synthesis of DHT, LFS is able to induce a partial LTP that is not dependent on the E2 synthesis.