Figure 4.

Cartoon model of the main processes in SPSPA Cyclic turbulence-nutrient pulses determine transient shifts in the bacterioplankton. Circular central blue arrow indicates the cyclic nature of the events. Left panel: during LLR calm tides, weak winds, absence of clouds, and clear waters correlate with lower levels (downwards red arrows) of nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P), and equivalence between autotrophy and heterotropy, represented by the ratio cyanobacteria:heterotrophs (C:H) equalizing 1. Cyanobacterial phages (green poligons) reflect the abundance of the hosts. Right panel: during HHR harsh conditions are determined by violent turbulence resulting in upwelling and enrichment, represented by high levels (upwards red arrows) of N and P, and a shift to heterotrophy dominance, represented by a low ratio cyanobacteria:heterotrophs (C:H < < 1). Intense winds, cloudiness and rain, that washes the rocks covered with guano, contribute to enrichment and the shift to heterotrophy. Proteobacterial phages (red poligons) reflect the abundance of the hosts as well as Iron acquisition (red circle) and virulence factor (red crosses) genes. Vibrios abundance (blue elipses) reflect seawater parameters. Episodic surges frequently correlate with full moon. When turbulence pulses mitigate and weather assuages a recovery takes place in seawater, both in terms of nutrients concentrations and microbial assemblages (e.g., after moon changes toward new).