Table 3.

Systematic reviews of chiropractic

No	Condition treated	First author (year)	Interventions	Type of Designs	Meta-analysis	Participants	Results
1	Asthma21	Kaminskyj (2010)	Spinal manipulation, mobilization, soft tissue therapy, respiratory exercises	1 case series, 1 case study, 1 survey, 2 randomized controlled clinical trials, 1 randomized patient and observer blinded cross-over trial, 1 single blind cross study design, 1 survey study	No	190	Patients experience positive subjective and at times positive objective results while under chiropractic treatment; however, the existent evidence is inadequate and heterogeneous in its quality strength.
2	Infant colic22	Ernst (2009)	Spinal manipulation	3 randomized controlled clinical trials	Yes	198	Although according to the evidence chiropractic spinal manipulation is not an effective treatment for infant colic, numerous weaknesses of the primary data would prevent firm conclusions.
3	Infant colic23	Alcantara (2011)	Spinal manipulation treatment and chiropractic adjustment treatments	3 randomized controlled clinical trials, 2 survey studies, 6 case reports, 2 case series, 4 cohort studies, 5 commentaries, 4 reviews of the literature	No	170	The findings support chiropractic as an alternative approach to infantile colic, despite the infancy of researches on pediatric chiropractic and also the results of the previous reviews contradiction with the results of this study
4	Sport injuries24	Ernst (2011)	All chiropractic interventions provided by chiropractors	4 randomized controlled clinical trials and 2 controlled clinical trials	No	208	Although the pervious clinical trials almost support the effectiveness of chiropractic in the prevention and treatment of the sport injuries, it is far from conclusive and the future studies of chiropractic should adhere more to accepted standards of trial design and reporting.
5	Neck pain25	Ernst (2003)	Spinal manipulation treatment	4 randomized controlled clinical trials	No	419	The superiority of chiropractic treatment to conventional exercise treatment and other physiotherapy procedures in the neck pain therapy is not supported by rigorous trial data.
6	Upper extremity conditions26	McHardy (2008)	Different chiropractic interventions	6 clinical trials (3 shoulder, 1 elbow, 2 wrist), 36 case reports for shoulder, 8 case reports for the elbow, 14 case reports for the wrist/hand	No	252	There are strong low-level researches to support the chiropractic care of a large number of upper extremity conditions, and this care should be regarded in the decisions of disease management, especially before invasive measures are done.
7	Autism spectrum disorder27	Alcantara (2011)	Spinal manipulation treatment and chiropractic adjustment treatments	1 randomized controlled clinical trials, 1 cohort study, 3 case reports	No	14	Due to lack of enough supportive evidence, further research for definitive studies on chiropractic effectiveness for autism spectrum disorder is recommended. Nonetheless, given the lack of effectiveness of pharmaceutical agents, a trial of chiropractic care for autism patients is prudent and warranted.
8	Gastrointestinal problems28	Ernst (2011)	All chiropractic interventions	1 randomized controlled clinical trials, 1 pilot study clinical trial	No	86	Chiropractic is not effective in the treatment of gastrointestinal Conditions.
9	Fibromyalgia29	Ernst (2009)	All chiropractic interventions	4 randomized controlled clinical trials	No	129	Without conclusive evidence, it is impossible to confirm or reject the claim that chiropractic is effective in treatment of fibromyalgia. Hence, more well-developed researches are clearly needed.
10	Back pain30	Ernst (2003)	Spinal manipulation treatment	12 randomized controlled clinical trials	No	1960	Despite some degree of superiority of chiropractic spinal manipulation over control interventions including sham chiropractic, its effectiveness is not supported by compelling evidence from the majority of randomized clinical trials.
11	Carpal tunnel syndrome31	Hunt (2009)	All chiropractic interventions	1 randomized controlled clinical trials	-	91	There is insufficient evidence to suggest that future treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome should deviate from conventional treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome.