Table 5.
Multivariable logistic regression and interaction analysis: prevalence and factors associated with prescribed analgesic use among the adult population in Germany. German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1)b 2008–2011
| Prescribed analgesic use only n = 583 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Prevalence | Adjusted | |
| (95 % CI) | OR (95 % CI) | |
| Total | 7.9 (7.1–8.7) | - |
| Gender | ||
| Mena | 7.2 (6.1–8.4) | 1.00 |
| Women | 8.5 (7.5–9.7) | 1.30 (1.04–1.64) |
| Age groups, years | ||
| 18–29a | 3.2 (2.2–4.7) | 1.00 |
| 30–44 | 6.8 (5.3–8.8) | 2.04 (1.22–3.40) |
| 45–64 | 8.3 (7.0–9.7) | 2.21 (1.42–3.47) |
| 65+ | 12.8 (10.9–15.0) | 3.67 (2.29–5.87) |
| Smoking status | ||
| Never smokera | 7.0 (5.9–8.2) | 1.00 |
| Ex-smoker | 8.3 (6.8–10.2) | 1.17 (0.84–1.62) |
| Occasional smoker | 6.5 (4.0–10.5) | 1.20 (0.73–1.95) |
| Smoker | 9.0 (7.3–10.9) | 1.52 (1.09–2.11) |
| Physical exercise hours/week (h/w) | ||
| Nonea | 9.0 (7.7–10.5) | 1.00 |
| Up to 2 h/w | 8.4 (7.2–9.7) | 1.08 (0.85–1.38) |
| More than 2 h/w | 4.9 (3.8–6.3) | 0.72 (0.52–0.99) |
| Body Mass Index (BMI) by socio-economic status | ||
| Low SES: Normal | 7.6 (5.1–11.1) | 0.87 (0.45–1.67) |
| Low SES: Overweight | 14.0 (10.1–19.1) | 1.44 (0.81–2.56) |
| Low SES: Obesea | 11.0 (7.6–15.8) | 1.00 |
| Medium SES: Normal | 5.6 (4.3–7.2) | 0.64 (0.44–0.92) |
| Medium SES: Overweight | 7.7 (6.1–9.6) | 0.71 (0.50–1.02) |
| Medium SES: Obesea | 11.1 (8.8–13.8) | 1.00 |
| High SES: Normal | 3.6 (2.2–6.0) | 0.28 (0.14–0.56) |
| High SES: Overweight | 5.2 (3.5–7.7) | 0.37 (0.18–0.75) |
| High SES: Obesea | 13.9 (8.7–21.5) | 1.00 |
| Socio-economic status by Body Mass Index (BMI) | ||
| Normal: Low SES | 7.6 (5.1–11.1) | 2.07 (1.03–4.16) |
| Normal: Medium SES | 5.6 (4.3–7.2) | 1.52 (0.82–2.83) |
| Normal: High SESa | 3.6 (2.2–6.0) | 1.00 |
| Overweight: Low SES | 14.0 (10.1–19.1) | 2.60 (1.42–4.78) |
| Overweight: Medium SES | 7.7 (6.1–9.6) | 1.29 (0.79–2.12) |
| Overweight: High SESa | 5.2 (3.5–7.7) | 1.00 |
| Obese: Low SES | 11.0 (7.6–15.8) | 0.67 (0.33–1.34) |
| Obese: Medium SES | 11.1 (8.8–13.8) | 0.67 (0.37–1.21) |
| Obese: High SESa | 13.9 (8.7–21.5) | 1.00 |
Odds ratio (OR) and its 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI) are obtained from multivariable logistic regression models with exclusively prescribed analgesic use, as dependent variable and all other variables shown in the table as independent variables. Bold text denotes statistical significance (p < 0.05) in comparison with the reference
aReference group. All percentages are weighted according to the adult German population
bAnalgesics of unknown origin (n = 36)