Table 1.
Baseline characteristics according to the leisure-time exercise dose
| Inactive | Low dose | Physical activity meeting recommendationa | P for trendb | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medium dose | High dose | ||||
| n | 17,437 (65.5) | 4,331 (16.3) | 2,537 (9.5) | 2,323 (8.7) | |
| Male, % | 14,905 (85.5) | 3,886 (89.7) | 2,281 (89.9) | 2,135 (91.9) | <0.001 |
| Age, years | 45.2 ± 8.2 | 44.6 ± 8.7 | 45.8 ± 8.5 | 46.4 ± 8.8 | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.3 ± 3.2 | 23.4 ± 3.2 | 23.7 ± 3.0 | 23.5 ± 2.9 | <0.001 |
| BMI ≥25 kg/m2 | 4,727 (27.1) | 1,173 (27.1) | 752 (29.6) | 608 (26.2) | 0.90 |
| Shift work | 3,329 (19.1) | 874 (20.2) | 415 (16.3) | 379 (16.3) | <0.001 |
| Walking <20 min to and from work | 9,299 (53.3) | 2,374 (54.8) | 1,402 (55.3) | 1,308 (56.3) | 0.002 |
| Sedentary work | 10,311 (59.1) | 2,574 (59.4) | 1,632 (64.3) | 1,413 (60.8) | 0.001 |
| Exercise dose, weekly MET-hr | 0 | 3.7 (2.2, 5.4) | 10.5 (9.0, 12.6) | 23.0 (18.2, 32.9) | |
| Sleeping <6 hrs per day | 9,224 (52.9) | 2,021 (46.7) | 1,214 (47.9) | 1,052 (45.3) | <0.001 |
| Current drinkerc | 1,764 (10.1) | 370 (8.5) | 250 (9.9) | 255 (11.0) | 0.31 |
| Current smoker | 7,750 (44.5) | 1,751 (40.4) | 945 (37.3) | 829 (35.7) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 3,092 (17.7) | 706 (16.3) | 486 (19.2) | 411 (17.7) | 0.55 |
| Family history of diabetes | 2,417 (13.9) | 570 (13.2) | 362 (14.3) | 339 (14.6) | 0.29 |
Data are shown in mean ± standard deviation for continuous variables, median (interquartile range) for exercise dose, and n (%) for categorical variables
a≥7.5 MET-hr per week
b P for the trend was calculated using linear regression for continuous variables and logistic regression for categorical variables
cConsuming ≥2 go of Japanese sake equivalent per day (1 go of Japanese sake contains approximately 23 g of ethanol)