Table 1.
Clinical characteristic of the development, internal validation data sets and external validation data set
| Development and internal validation | External validation | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N | 414 | 105 | |
| Male/female (%) | 54.3/45.7 | 58.1/41.9 | 0.49 |
| Age (y) mean ± SD | 59.8 ± 13.1 | 60.2 ± 10.6 | 0.76 |
| <40 n (%) | 29 (7.0) | 3 (2.9) | 0.26 |
| 40–65 n (%) | 231 (55.8) | 67 (63.8) | |
| >65 n (%) | 154 (37.2) | 35 (33.3) | |
| Diabetes duration (y) median (IQR) | 7.0 (8.0) | 9.0 (9.0) | 0.01 |
| Weight (kg) mean ± SD | 66.5 ± 12.3 | 68.2 ± 12.1 | 0.22 |
| Height (cm) mean ± SD | 162.8 ± 8.6 | 162.6 ± 7.9 | 0.81 |
| BSA (m2) mean ± SD | 1.7 ± 0.2 | 1.7 ± 0.2 | 0.40 |
| BMI (kg/m2) mean ± SD | 25.0 ± 3.5 | 25.7 ± 3.4 | 0.07 |
| <20 n (%) | 23 (5.6) | 1 (1.0) | 0.01 |
| 20–25 n (%) | 189 (45.7) | 52 (49.5) | |
| 25–30 n (%) | 171 (41.5) | 36 (34.3) | |
| >30 n (%) | 30 (7.2) | 16 (15.2) | |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dl) median (IQR) | 0.8 (0.6) | 0.9 (0.7) | 0.34 |
| HbA1C (%) median (IQR) | 8.5 (3.4) | 8.3 (3.9) | 0.83 |
| <6 % n (%) | 40 (9.7) | 9 (8.6) | 0.76 |
| 6–8 % n (%) | 146 (35.3) | 41 (39) | |
| >8 % n (%) | 228 (55.1) | 55 (52.4) | |
| UACR (mg/g) median (IQR) | 42.6 (219.0) | 62.9 (166.2) | 0.01 |
| <30 mg/g n (%) | 162 (39.1) | 19 (18.1) | <0.001 |
| 30–300 mg/g n (%) | 144 (34.8) | 60 (57.1) | |
| >300 mg/g n (%) | 108 (26.1) | 26 (24.8) | |
| sGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 80.9 ± 29.0 | 83.7 ± 25.9 | 0.40 |
| <15 n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.43 |
| 15–29 n (%) | 16 (3.9) | 1 (1.0) | |
| 30–59 n (%) | 85 (20.5) | 19 (18.1) | |
| 60–90 n (%) | 154 (37.2) | 43 (41.0) | |
| >90 n (%) | 159 (38.4) | 42 (40.0) |
SD standard deviation, IQR interquartile range, BSA body surface area, BMI body mass index, UACR urine albumin creatinine ratio, sGFR standard glomerular filtration rate