FIGURE 10.

Inhibition of hyperosmolarity-induced generation of reactive oxygen species. Primary rat hepatocytes were cultured for 24 h, loaded with 5 μmol/liter CM-H₂DCFDA as described under “Experimental Procedures,” and thereafter stimulated with hyperosmotic medium (405 mosmol/liter) or hyperosmotic medium plus TUDC (100 μmol/liter) for 15 min. When indicated, PKCζ pseudosubstrate (100 μmol/liter), chelerythrine (20 μmol/liter), Gö 6976 (200 nmol/liter), or Gö 6850 (10 μmol/liter) were preincubated for 30 min. ROS levels of at least three independent experiments were expressed as the mean-fold increase over control (set as 1) ± S.E. * indicates the statistical significance compared with the control (p < 0.05); $ indicates the statistical significance of the TUDC effect (p < 0.05), and # indicates the statistical significance of the inhibitor effect (p < 0.05). n.s., not significant.