Table 3.

Studies Examining Prolonged Standing and Fatigue/Discomfort

Author (Year)	Study Population	Brief Summary
Jorgensen et al., (1993)	8 F Danish volunteers performing letter sorting task.	There was a 4 to 6 fold increase in subjective discomfort after two hours of work during prolonged standing.
Flore et al., (2004)	62 F Italian Surgery room workers and 65 F Italian outpatient workers.	Workers with predominantly standing occupations increased venous pressure (before work compared to after work) was significantly higher for the standing workers compared to the controls compared to workers who stand less, suggesting that these workers are likely at higher risk of CVI.
Freitas et al., (2005)	14 elderly volunteers + 14 adult volunteers. Brasil.	Postural sway was sig. greater following a prolonged standing task and the increase in sway was attributed to fatigue. Lack of mobility had greater effects on the elderly compared to the adults.
Drury et al., (2008)	US TSA baggage screeners (7 M, 5F).	Standing posture was rated as having the highest level of discomfort, followed by sitting on a high stool, then by sitting at a desk.
Balasuabramanian et al., (2009)	9 M volunteers performing assembly/disassembly task. India.	Fatigue rates in leg and lower back muscles were sig. higher (p < 0.05) in stationary standing posture as compared to dynamic standing posture, and perceived discomfort in the legs, shoulders, and overall rating of discomfort were sig. higher for static posture than for dynamic posture.