Table 7.

Studies Examining Effectiveness of Sit-Stand chairs and workstations.

Author (Year)	Study Population	Brief Summary
Irving (1982)	55 South African Surgeons.	Use of a sit-stand chair during surgery improved ratings of low back discomfort compared with sitting or standing only. 100% reported an improvement after operations lasting more than 2 hours and 88% of surgeons reported that they would use the sit-stand chair frequently in the future if it was available. Only 12% said they would use it occasionally.
Nerhood & Thompson (1994)	American United Parcel workers. Number not stated.	Body part discomfort decreased by ay an average of 62 % and occurrence of injuries and illnesses by >50%. No sig. changes on absenteeism.
Oude Vrielink et. al., 1994	6 Dutch M volunteers.	Sit-stand chairs were not effective in mitigating fatigue, leg volume or discomfort ratings when compared to a standing only task.
Chester et al., 2002	18 American (7 F, 11 M) volunteers.	Found that the sit-stand chair resulted in higher leg volume changes than standing or sitting only and the most discomfort in the hips.
Husemann et al., 2009	60 M German College volunteers.	Sit-stand workstation across a 1-week period reduced musculoskeletal complaints while performing a data entry task. No sig. effects noted on data entry task performance with sit-stand workstation.
Robertson et al., 2013	22 F American volunteers.	Minimal musculoskeletal and visual discomfort over a 15 day experimental period for participants who used sit-stand workstations with ergonomics training compared to participants with minimal training. 7 body region pain measures showed sig. differences (p < 0.01) between regions. Low back, neck, and shoulder highest reported pain areas.
Karakolis & Callaghan (2014)	14 Articles from various countries published between 1950–2011 that met review criteria.	Sufficient evidence to conclude that sit-stand workstations are effective in reducing local discomfort in the low back. Some evidence that sit-stand workstations may increase reported discomfort in hand and wrist. No optimal sit-stand time ratio. No decrease in productivity noted.