Table 3.
Univariate analysis of possible risk factors in patients with critical limb ischemia in relation to the onset of delirium
| No delirium, n=63 (%) | Delirium, n=29 (%) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||
| Male | 36 (57) | 17 (59) | 0.894 |
| Age | |||
| Median age (years) (IQR)a | 75 (69–80) | 81 (76–86) | 0.001b |
| Age 65–70 years | 17 (27) | 3 (10) | |
| Age 70–79 years | 30 (48) | 7 (24) | |
| Age ≥80 years | 16 (25) | 19 (66) | 0.003 |
| Fontaine classification | |||
| Fontaine 3 | 24 (38) | 4 (13) | |
| Fontaine 4 | 39 (62) | 25 (87) | 0.019 |
| Comorbidity | |||
| Cardiac disease | 32 (51) | 23 (79) | 0.010 |
| Pulmonary disease | 12 (19) | 6 (21) | 0.854 |
| Renal impairment | 5 (8) | 5 (17) | 0.278c |
| Neurological disease | 16 (25) | 10 (34) | 0.369 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 27 (43) | 17 (59) | 0.160 |
| Hypertension | 38 (60) | 12 (41) | 0.090 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 28 (44) | 6 (21) | 0.028 |
| Other predisposing factors | |||
| Delirium in medical history | 3 (5) | 7 (24) | 0.010c |
| Daily use of alcohol | 18 (29) | 2 (7) | 0.017 |
| Visual impairment | 18 (29) | 15 (52) | 0.031 |
| Hearing impairment | 22 (35) | 11 (38) | 0.780 |
| Frailty factors | |||
| Physical impairmentd | 29 (46) | 22 (76) | 0.007 |
| Undernourishmente | 13/61 (21) | 10/24 (42) | 0.057 |
| Daily nurse visits at home | 11/55 (20) | 7/16 (44) | 0.093c |
| Living in nursing home | 8 (13) | 13 (45) | <0.001 |
Notes: Values in parentheses are percentages unless indicated otherwise;
a
values are median (interquartile range). P-value is calculated with chi-squared test.
b
Mann–Whitney U-test;
c
Fisher’s exact test.
d
Physical impairment is defined as a Katz-ADL score <6.21
e
Undernourishment is defined as a SNAQ-RC-score ≥3.22
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; Katz-ADL, Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living; SNAQ-RC, Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire for Residential Care.