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. 2015 Sep 28;9:5385–5396. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S89096

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Ghrelin pretreatment inhibits release of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in Con A-induced hepatitis.

Notes: (A) The serum IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels are expressed as mean ± SD of six animals per group at 4, 8, and 24 h after Con A injection in mice and the effects of both low (10 μg/kg) and high (50 μg/kg) dose ghrelin pretreatment at the same time. (B) mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the NC, Con A, Con A + 10 μg/kg ghrelin, and Con A + 50 μg/kg ghrelin groups was evaluated by real-time PCR. (C) Western blots showing the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in liver tissues. (D) Immunohistochemistry staining (200×) showing the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in liver tissue at 8 h. The ratio of brown area to total area was analyzed with Image-Pro® Plus (v 6.0); (n=6). *P<0.05 for NC vs Con A, #P<0.05 for Con A vs Con A + 10 μg/kg ghrelin, †P<0.05 for Con A + 50 μg/kg ghrelin vs Con A + 10 μg/kg ghrelin, and †,*P>0.05 for Con A + 50 μg/kg ghrelin vs Con A + 10 μg/kg ghrelin.

Abbreviations: Con, concanavalin; h, hours; IL, interleukin; NC, normal control; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; PCR, polymerase chain reaction.