Table 1.

Expression of HIF-1α protein in three groups

Time	Group	HIF-1α protein levels					P-value
		0	1+	2+	3+	4+	All three groups	Group 1 vs group 2	Group 1 vs group 3	Group 2 vs group 3
6 hours	1 (n=6)	3	2	1
	2 (n=6)			1	3	2	0.003	0.004	0.665	0.004
	3 (n=6)	2	3	1
24 hours	1 (n=6)	3	2	1
	2 (n=6)				4	2	0.002	0.003	0.652	0.003
	3 (n=6)	1	4	1
3 days	1 (n=6)	4	1	1
	2 (n=6)			1	4	1	0.003	0.004	0.652	0.004
	3 (n=6)	3	2	1

Notes: Group 1 means control group, group 2 means TAE-treated group, and group 3 means liposomal curcumin TAE-treated group. P, statistical comparison between groups.

Abbreviations: HIF-1α, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α; TAE, transcatheter arterial embolization.