Table 1.
The Berlin definition of acute respiratory distress syndrome
| Criteria | Observation | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Timing | Within 1 week of a known clinical insult or new or worsening respiratory symptoms | ||
| Radiological imaging | Bilateral opacities - not fully explained by lobar/lung collapse, nodules or effusions | ||
| Origin of edema | Respiratory failure not fully explained by fluid overload or cardiac failure | ||
| Requires objective assessment (echocardiography) to exclude other causes of edema as etiological factors | |||
| Oxygenation | Mild | Moderate | Severe |
| PaO2/FiO2 | 300 - 201 | 200 - 101 | < 100 |
| PEEP ≥ 5cmH2O | PEEP/CPAP/NIV | PEEP | PEEP |
| Estimated mortality | ~ 25% | ~ 35% | ~ 45% |
Adapted from: ARDS Definition Task Force, Ranieri VM, Rubenfeld GD, Thompson BT, Ferguson ND, Caldwell E, Fan E, et al. Acute respiratory distress syndrome: the Berlin Definition. JAMA. 2012;307(23):2526-33.(8) PaO2/FiO2 - partial pressure of arterial oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen; PEEP - positive end-expiratory pressure; CPAP - continuous positive airway pressure; NIV - non-invasive ventilation.