Table 1. Variables retained, adjusted R-squared, and significance values from the forward-selected models examining the effect of environmental factors on alpha- and beta-level taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity.

The directions of the significant relationships are depicted in brackets.

	Alpha diversity			Beta diversity
	Taxonomic diversity	Phylogenetic diversity	Functional diversity	Taxonomic diversity	Phylogenetic diversity	Functional diversity
Mean annual temperature	(+) 0.06***	(+) 0.15 ***	(+) 0.18 ***	(+) 0.35 ***	(+) 0.24***	(+) 0.35 ***
Temperature amplitude	(+) 0.01 *		(+) 0.09 ***	(+) 0.03 ***	(+) 0.02 ***	(+) 0.07 ***
Annual precipitation			(−) 0.01 *		(+) 0.01 ***	(+) 0.005 *
Precipitation seasonality	(−) 0.02 **			(+) 0.06 ***	(+) 0.01 **	(+) 0.02 ***
Land-use diversity index						(+) 0.01 **
Anthropogenic disturbance index	(−) 0.06***	(−) 0.02 **	(−) 0.02 **	(+) 0.02 ***	(+) 0.01 **	(+) 0.005 *
Full-model adjusted R2	0.15	0.17	0.29	0.47	0.28	0.45

Notes.

^*P < 0.05.

^**p < 0.01.

^***p < 0.001.