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. 2015 Oct 2;10(10):e0139747. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139747

Table 1. Baseline characteristics of subjects according to albuminuria.

Characteristics ACR (mg/g) P-value
<30 (N = 227) 30–299 (N = 455) ≥300 (N = 774)
Mean (SD) Mean (SD) Mean (SD)
Age (years) 52.8 ± 13.4 53.5 ± 12.1 53.7 ± 12.2 0.59
BMI (kg/m2) 23.9 ± 3.2 24.1 ± 3.2 24.8 ± 3.4 <0.001
SBP (mmHg) 125.1 ± 14.2 125.7 ± 15.0 130.1 ± 17.3 <0.001
DBP (mmHg) 76.8 ± 10.9 76.0 ± 10.4 77.2 ± 11.5 0.18
MAP (mmHg) 92.9 ± 11.1 92.6 ± 10.9 94.9 ± 12.3 <0.01
Pulse pressure (mmHg) 48.3 ± 10.0 49.6 ± 11.4 52.9 ± 12.7 <0.001
eGFR (mL/min per 1.73 m2) 72.8 ± 30.1 53.2 ± 28.6 44.9 ± 28.7 <0.001
PCR (mg/g) 53.0 ± 43.4 216.6 ± 133.6 2,205.7 ± 2,398.3 <0.001
24-h urine protein (mg/day) 143.6 ± 640.4 314.7 ± 299.1 2,132.4 ± 2,178.0 <0.001
Hemoglobin (g/dL) 13.77 ± 1.56 12.96 ± 1.84 12.46 ± 2.07 <0.001
Ferritin (ng/mL) 143.3 ± 133.9 136.9 ± 143.1 138.0 ± 148.5 0.86
TSAT (%) 33.3 ± 13.1 30.9 ± 11.7 31.3 ± 12.3 0.05
Albumin (g/dL) 4.40 ± 0.26 4.31 ± 0.29 4.04 ± 0.44 <0.001
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) 174.6 ± 32.3 169.2 ± 33.2 175.7 ± 40.9 0.01
Calcium (mg/dL) 9.27 ± 0.37 9.21 ± 0.46 9.01 ± 0.58 <0.001
Phosphorus (mg/dL) 3.50 ± 0.52 3.57 ± 0.59 3.84 ± 0.71 <0.001
PTH (pg/mL) 50.9 ± 48.4 64.3 ± 54.8 87.4 ± 90.3 <0.001
Uric acid (mg/dL) 6.13 ± 1.90 6.99 ± 1.91 7.54 ± 1.91 <0.001
CRP (mg/L) 0.15 ± 0.37 0.22 ± 0.59 0.20 ± 0.51 0.26
LVMI (g/m2) 87.3 ± 22.1 91.9 ± 25.1 99.0 ± 30.3 <0.001
N (%) N (%) N (%)
Male sex 148 (65.2%) 268 (58.9%) 480 (62.0%) 0.26
Smokers 45 (19.8%) 68 (15.0%) 127 (16.4%) 0.28
Cause of CKD <0.001
DM 9 (4.0%) 67 (14.7%) 240 (31.0%)
HTN 72 (31.7%) 96 (21.1%) 129 (16.7%)
GN 24 (10.6%) 148 (32.5%) 345 (44.6%)
PKD 108 (47.6%) 125 (27.5%) 22 (2.8%)
Unclassified 14 (6.2%) 19 (4.2%) 38 (4.9%)
Hypertension 196 (89.1%) 414 (94.3%) 718 (95.7%) 0.001
Diabetes mellitus 30 (13.6%) 108 (24.6%) 329 (43.9%) <0.001
Cardiovascular disease 29 (13.2%) 72 (16.4%) 126 (16.8%) 0.43
Use of iron agent 16 (7.1%) 66 (14.6%) 132 (17.1%) 0.001
Use of ESA 7 (3.1%) 29 (6.4%) 91 (11.8%) <0.001
ACEI use 18 (9.0%) 43 (10.0%) 117 (15.4%) <0.01
ARB use 157 (78.9%) 360 (83.5%) 628 (82.8%) 0.34

Data are expressed as mean (with standard deviation) or number (%).

Abbreviations: ACR, albumin-to-creatinine ratio; ACEI, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CRP, C-reactive protein; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DM, diabetic mellitus; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ESA, erythropoiesis stimulating agent; GN, glomerulonephritis; HTN, hypertension; LVMI, left ventricular mass index; MAP, mean arterial pressure; PCR, protein-to-creatinine ratio; PKD, polycystic kidney disease; PTH, parathyroid hormone; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TSAT, transferrin saturation.