Table 2. Characteristics Associated to Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Fecal Carriage.
| Characteristic | Total n/N (%) | CRE non-carriers n/N (%) | CRE carriers n/N (%) | p f |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 330 | n = 275 | n = 55 | ||
| Male sex | 146/330 (44.2) | 114/275 (41.5) | 32/55 (58.2) | 0.023 |
| Age, years, median (IQR) | 49 (32–64) | 50 (32–65) | 42 (31–53) | 0.026 g |
| Charlson comorbidity index ≥3 | 137/330 (41.5) | 118/275 (42.9) | 19/55 (34.5) | 0.251 |
| Transplant | 42/330 (12.7) | 40/275 (14.5) | 2/55 (3.6) | 0.027 |
| Cancer | 52/330 (15.8) | 47/275 (17.1) | 5/55 (9.1) | 0.137 |
| Rheumatologic disease a | 42/330 (12.7) | 36/275 (13.1) | 6/55 (10.9) | 0.658 |
| Hematologic malignancy | 37/330 (11.2) | 23/275 (8.3) | 14/55 (25.4) | <0.001 |
| Gastrointestinal and pancreatobiliary disease b | 88/330 (26.7) | 73/275 (26.5) | 15/55 (27.3) | 0.911 |
| MDRO infection during past 6 months | 97/330 (29.4) | 69/275 (25.1) | 28/55 (50.9) | <0.001 |
| Transfer from other institution | 60/330 (18.2) | 44/275 (16) | 16/55 (29.1) | 0.022 |
| Abdominal sepsis diagnosis | 96/330 (29.1) | 78/275 (28.4) | 18/55 (32.7) | 0.515 |
| Hospital acquired pneumonia | 90/330 (27.3) | 65/275 (23.6) | 25/55 (45.5) | <0.001 |
| Length of stay, days, median (IQR) | 8 (3–19) | 8 (3–16) | 15 (8–28) | <0.001g |
| Intensive care unit admission | 190/330 (57.6) | 163/275 (59.3) | 27/55 (49.1) | 0.163 |
| Invasive procedures c | 93/330 (28.1) | 69/275 (25) | 24/55 (43.6) | 0.005 |
| Invasive medical devices d | 278/330 (84.2) | 230/275 (83.6) | 48/55 (87.3) | 0.499 |
| Surgery | 127/330 (38.5) | 104/275 (37.8) | 23/55 (41.8) | 0.578 |
| Surgical drain | 124/330 (37.6) | 101/275 (36.7) | 23/55 (41.8) | 0.477 |
| Enteral tube feeding | 104/330 (31.5) | 84/275 (30.5) | 20/55 (36.3) | 0.396 |
| Percutaneous abdominal drainage | 30/330 (9.1) | 25/275 (9.1) | 5/55 (9.1) | 1.000 |
| Pharmacologic immunosuppression during past 3 months e | 121/330 (36.7) | 100/275 (36.4) | 21/55 (38.2) | 0.798 |
| Carbapenem use | 167/330 (50.6) | 127/275 (46.1) | 40/55 (72.7) | <0.001 |
| Vancomycin (IV) use | 195/330 (59.1) | 155/275 (56.4) | 40/55 (72.7) | 0.024 |
| Clindamycin use | 16/330 (4.8) | 13/275 (4.7) | 3/55 (5.5) | 0.819 |
| Linezolid use | 39/330 (11.8) | 25/275 (9.1) | 14/55 (25.5) | <0.001 |
| Ciprofloxacin use | 28/330 (8.5) | 18/275 (6.5) | 10/55 (18.2) | 0.005 |
| Third-generation cephalosporin use | 83/330 (25.2) | 72/275 (26.2) | 11/55 (20) | 0.335 |
| Piperacillin / tazobactam use | 144/330 (43.6) | 113/275 (41.1) | 31/55 (56.4) | 0.037 |
| Sharing a room with known CRE carrier or infected patient | 84/330 (25.4) | 60/274 (21.9) | 24/55 (43.6) | <0.001 |
CRE, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae; IQR, interquartile range; MDRO, multi-drug resistant organism.
Data about hospitalization exposures occurred before the last screening culture.
a Systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren syndrome, vasculitis.
b Chronic or acute pancreatitis, inflammatory bowel disease, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, diverticulitis, short bowel syndrome, acute or recurrent cholangitis, benign biliary disease.
c Bronchoscopy, digestive tract endoscopy, or invasive mechanical ventilation.
d Central venous catheter or urinary catheter (more than 24 hours).
e Steroids, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, tacrolimus, cyclosporine, hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate, or chemotherapy.
f Chi-squared test.
g. Mann–Whitney test.