Table 1.
Sample Characteristics of Smokers Who Enrolled in the Parent Study and Completed the 3-Month Follow-Up Survey Between March 2012 and December 2013 Overall and by Use of E-Cigarettes as a Cessation Aid at Follow-Up (N = 2,123)
| Overall (N = 2,123) | E-cigarettes for cessation: yes (n = 672) | E-cigarettes for cessation: no (n = 1,451) | p value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline variables | ||||
| Sex, % (n) | ||||
| Male | 31.6 (670) | 31.5 (212) | 31.6 (458) | .994 |
| Female | 68.4 (1,453) | 68.5 (460) | 68.4 (993) | |
| Race/ethnicity, % (n) | ||||
| White, non-Hispanic | 81.0 (1,719) | 81.7 (549) | 80.6 (1,170) | .090 |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 11.7 (248) | 11.3 (76) | 11.9 (172) | |
| Hispanic | 4.2 (90) | 3.0 (20) | 4.8 (70) | |
| Other | 3.1 (66) | 4.0 (27) | 2.7 (39) | |
| Age, median (IQR) | 42.0 (30–52) | 41.0 (30–52) | 42.0 (30–52) | .848 |
| Education | ||||
| College | 24.2 (513) | 21.9 (147) | 25.2 (366) | .058 |
| Some college | 50.9 (1,081) | 52.5 (353) | 50.2 (728) | |
| HS diploma/GED | 20.8 (441) | 22.6 (152) | 19.9 (289) | |
| <HS | 4.1 (88) | 3.0 (20) | 4.7 (68) | |
| Cigarettes per day, median (IQR) | 15.0 (10–20) | 17.0 (10–20) | 15.0 (10–20) | <.001 |
| Fagerström score, median (IQR) | 5.0 (4–7) | 6.0 (4–7) | 5.0 (4–7) | .006 |
| Quit attempt past year, % (n) | ||||
| Yes | 69.1 (1,468) | 72.6 (488) | 67.5 (980) | .018 |
| No | 30.9 (655) | 27.4 (184) | 32.5 (471) | |
| Number of quit attempts in past year, median (IQR) | 2.0 (0–3) | 2.0 (0–3) | 2.0 (0–3) | .060 |
| Confident about quitting, % (n) | ||||
| Not at all | 5.0 (106) | 5.1 (34) | 5.0 (72) | .205 |
| A little | 14.7 (312) | 16.2 (109) | 14.0 (203) | |
| Somewhat | 43.4 (922) | 42.9 (288) | 43.7 (634) | |
| A lot | 21.3 (452) | 22.6 (152) | 20.7 (300) | |
| Very much | 15.6 (331) | 13.2 (89) | 16.7 (242) | |
| Stage of change | ||||
| Quitting in next 30 days | 81.3 (1,726) | 83.0 (558) | 80.5 (1,168) | .378 |
| Quitting in next 6 months | 18.4 (390) | 16.7 (112) | 19.2 (278) | |
| Not thinking of quitting | 0.3 (7) | 0.3 (2) | 0.3 (5) | |
| Past use of cessation aids at baseline, % (n) | ||||
| E-cigarettes | 26.1 (555) | 45.1 (303) | 17.4 (252) | <.001 |
| Unassisted | 60.9 (1,292) | 62.2 (418) | 60.2 (874) | .387 |
| NRT | 28.7 (610) | 31.0 (208) | 27.7 (402) | .124 |
| Varenicline or bupropion | 12.3 (262) | 14.1 (95) | 11.5 (167) | .087 |
| Behavioral intervention | 15.3 (324) | 15.9 (107) | 15.0 (217) | .564 |
| Switched or cut back | 23.9 (507) | 24.9 (167) | 23.4 (340) | .476 |
| Alternative methods | 7.5 (160) | 8.3 (56) | 7.2 (104) | .344 |
| 3-Month follow-up variables | ||||
| Use of cessation aids at 3 month, % (n) | ||||
| E-cigarettes | 31.7 (672) | 100.0 (672) | 0.00 (0) | – |
| Unassisted | 69.1 (1,467) | 77.4 (520) | 65.3 (947) | <.001 |
| NRT | 55.9 (1,186) | 62.8 (422) | 52.7 (764) | <.001 |
| Varenicline or bupropion | 4.9 (105) | 6.3 (42) | 4.3 (63) | .059 |
| Behavioral intervention | 21.7 (460) | 24.3 (163) | 20.5 (297) | .049 |
| Switched or cut back | 34.1 (725) | 48.7 (327) | 27.4 (398) | <.001 |
| Alternative methods | 9.6 (204) | 13.1 (88) | 8.0 (116) | <.001 |
| Number of quit attempts past 3 months, median (IQR) | 2.0 (2–4) | 3.0 (2–5) | 2.0 (1–4) | <.001 |
| 30-day point prevalence abstinence | 20.0 (425) | 15.8 (106) | 22.0 (319) | .001 |
E-cigarette = electronic cigarette; GED = General EdDevelopment; HS = high school; IQR= interquartile range; NRT = nicotine replacement therapy.
*All p values were obtained using chi-square or Mann-Whitney tests, as appropriate.