Fig. 6.

Genes with male-biased and unbiased expression have faster-X cis-regulatory divergence between species. The proportion of genes with significant differences in gene expression (E), cis-regulation (C), or trans-regulation (T) that were X-linked or on autosomes for mel-mel, sim-sech and mel-sim are shown for genes with (A) female biased expression, (B) male-biased expression, or (C) unbiased expression. Error bars represent the 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles from bootstrapping 10,000 times. Statistical significance of the difference between the X chromosome and autosomes was determined with Fisher’s exact tests (NS indicates not significant, *P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.001, and ***P ≤ 1 × 10⁻⁴).