Table 3.
The effects of reported smoking status on likelihood of dropping out of a cardiac rehabilitation program.
| Author | Year | Location | n | sex | Effect Direction | Size of Effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oldridge & Streiner | 1990 | Canada | 120 | 100% M | *+ | 15.5% of completers were current smokers vs. |
| Oldridge et al. | 1983 | Canada | 733 | 100% M | *+ | 37.1% of dropouts Smokers more likely to drop out (AOR 2.46) |
| Dorn et al. | 2001 | 6 states and DC, USA |
931 | 100% M | *+ | r −0.21 between current smoking and program compliance (completing 50% or more sessions) |
| Beckie et al. | 2010 | Southeastern US | 252 | 0% M | *+ | Smokers attend 4 fewer sessions on average |
| Sarrafzadegan et al. | 2007 | Iran | 1,11 5 |
77% M | *+ | Nonsmokers more likely to complete (AOR 1.779) |
| Wittmer et al. | 2011 | Switzerland | 2,37 1 |
85% M | *+ | Smokers more likely to drop out (AOR 2.338) |
| Marzolini et al. | 2008 | Toronto, Canada | 5,92 2 |
82% M | *+ | Smokers more likely to drop out (AOR 2.307) |
| Sanderson et al. | 2003 | Alabama | 526 | 65% M | *+ | Smokers more likely to drop out (AOR 2.1) |
| Digenio et al. | 1992 | South Africa | 711 | Unknow n |
*+ | Percent attendance current smoker (45.96%) lower than non and former (57.84– 59.76%) |
| Beauchamp | 2013 | Melbourne, Australia |
281 | 73% M | + | More low attenders were current smokers (40%), than were high attenders (18%) |
| Kerins et al. | 2011 | Ireland | 187 | 71% M | + | 9.6% of completers smokers vs. 31.4% of dropouts |
| Oldridge et al. | 1978 | Hamilton, Canada | 163 | 100% M | + | 43% of compliers and 58% of noncomplier s were smokers |
| Waites et al. | 1983 | Atlanta, Georgia | 22 | 86% M | +, criterion not specified |
No smokers completed the program |
| Eyherabide and Yates | 1985 | Wisconsin | 236 | 81% M | *+/= | Smokers in best attending group smoked 12.2 cigs per day vs 35 in worst attending |
| Worcestor et al. | 2004 | Melbourne, Australia |
573 | 70% M | *+/= | Current smoking predicts drop out in men (AOR 3.33), but not in small sample of women |
| Sanderson and Bittner | 2005 | Alabama | 228 | 0% M | * = | Smokers less likely to complete program (AOR 0.4) |
| Taylor et al. | 1988 | California | 97 | 100% M | * = | Adherence lower in current smokers (80%) than in non and former smokers (88– 89%) |
| Yohannes et al. | 2007 | Manchester, UK | 189 | 74% M | * = | 26.2% of drop-out patients were smokers vs. 16.3% of completers |
| Oldridge et al. | 1992 | Wisconsin | 492 | 68% M | * = | Both smokers and nonsmokers completed about 75% of sessions |
| Soleimani et al. | 2009 | Iran | 1,98 6 |
73% M | = | 23.9% of dropouts smoke compared to 21.6% of completers |
| Fontana et al. | 1986 | Connecticut | 95 | 100% M | = | Raw data not provided |
Note: Significance is defined as the original author’s determination of statistical significance. A criterion of p < .05 was used across all studies unless specifically noted otherwise. A + denotes a significant positive association, an = denotes no significant relationship and a +/= denotes that significant effects were found in one subset of a population but not another. An * denotes studies using multivariate analyses that accounted for other common predictors of completion such as age, gender and qualifying diagnoses.