Table 1.

Examples of potential harms/burdens and benefits/advantages of PCTs by type and target of intervention

Target of Intervention or Interaction	Potential Harms/Burdens	Potential Benefits/Advantages
Medical and Behavioral Interventions (drug, device, or procedure; educational, attitudinal, or adherence)
Patient	Inconvenience of regimen Loss of privacy Poorer health outcomes Psychosocial discomfort	Commitment to regimen More time with care teams Better health outcomes Fulfillment of altruistic desires
Clinician	Increased time commitment Additional professional oversight Decreased confidence/reputation Decreased clinical autonomy Increased medical error	Advancing the field Improved care delivery Increased confidence/reputation Increased patient trust Decreased medical error
System	Increased financial costs Decreased staff/patient satisfaction Decreased workflow efficiency Decreased ranking/reputation New liabilities	Decreased financial costs Improved staff/patient satisfaction Increased workflow efficiency Improved ranking/reputation Better management of liabilities
Information Technology Interventions (electronic data management, measurement, or communication)
Patient	Increased potential for loss of privacy Decontextualization of disease Depersonalization of care and communication Lower accessibility (limited resources or tech capabilities)	Better adherence to regimen Better health outcomes Improved continuity of care Greater access to clinicians More thorough understanding of disease condition Better opportunity to report patient-level outcomes
Clinician	Greater security-associated liabilities Increased frustration and inconvenience Depersonalization of care Increased dependence Insufficient communication or understanding Increased medical error	Increased efficiency and optimization of care delivery Improved communication accuracy Improved communication speed Broadened medical skill set Decreased medical error
System	Perceived endorsement of experimental technology Unforeseen stresses to system resources Incompatibility with existing information technologies	Better staffing synergies Fewer care redundancies Faster rollout/uptake of system-wide improvements Better data interoperability Increased monitoring capabilities