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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Pain Symptom Manage. 2015 May 27;50(4):553–558. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2015.04.013

Table 2.

Means and Paired Samples T Tests of Study Variables.

Pre-Treatment Post-Treatment t p

M SD M SD
Pain Severity 4.75 1.97 3.37 1.63 2.92 0.009
Physical Functioning 5.09 2.33 4.63 2.70 1.20 0.24
Physical Symptoms 4.29 1.64 2.80 1.92 3.84 0.001
Distress 3.04 2.28 1.32 1.58 4.31 <0.001
Pain Self-Efficacy 58.08 17.17 62.57 13.82 -1.34 0.19
Pain Catastrophizing 1.59 1.27 0.85 0.84 3.15 0.005