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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Sep 18.
Published in final edited form as: J Biomech. 2015 Jul 10;48(12):3185–3191. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.07.005

Table 1.

Biphasic viscoelastic properties (aggregate modulus and hydraulic permeability: mean ± SD) of CEP, other disc tissues (NP and AF), and articular cartilage (AC) tissues.

Aggregate modulus (MPa) Permeability (10−15 m4/Ns) Method Species Reference
0.23±0.15 0.13±0.07 Confined compression Central CEP This study
0.83±0.26 0.09±0.03 Confined compression Lateral CEP This study
0.31±0.04 0.67±0.09 Confined compression Bovine NP (Perie et al., 2005)
0.74±0.13 0.23±0.19 Confined compression Bovine AF (Perie et al., 2005)
0.56±0.21 0.21±0.10 Confined compression Human AF (Iatridis et al., 1998)
0.40±0.14 2.70±1.50 Confined compression Bovine AC (Ateshian et al., 1997)
~0.60 ~1.48 Indentation Human AC (Froimson et al., 1997)
1.15±0.50 0.71±0.36 Indentation Human AC (Athanasiou et al., 1994)