Table 2.

Bivariate and multivariate associations with excretions of urinary factors related to kidney stone risk

	Urinary trait (outcome measure)
	Calcium, mg/d		Magnesium, mg/d		Oxalate, mmol/d		Uric acid, mg/d
	Bi (β)	MV (β)	Bi (β)	MV (β)	Bi (β¹)	MV (β¹)	Bi (β)	MV (β)
Intercept		477.21^***		178.58^***		0.25^***		121.70
Age, yr	−3.75^***	−2.72^***	−0.94^***	−0.74^**	0.017	0.0865^*	−2.31^**	1.54
Sex (male)	11.47	31.52^***	20.50^***	21.26^***	0.3373^***	0.321^***	144.3^***	132.23^***
Weight, kg	0.71^***		0.55^***	0.32^**	0.35^***	0.22^***	3.38^***
BMI, kg/m2	1.13		0.79^**		0.18^***		5.72^***	6.74^***
DBP, mmHg	0.68^*		0.26		0.063		2.36^***	1.17
Serum creatinine, mg/dL	−105.8^***	−133.08^***	−10.1	−29.26^**	0.121^**	−0.081	10.56	−34.44
eGFR_Cys, ml/min/1.73m²	1.38^***		0.28^***		−0.020		1.31^***	1.51^***
eGFR_Cr, ml/min/1.73m²	1.68^***		0.49^***		0.052		1.96^***	−0.0023
Diabetes status (yes)	−21.99^*		−5.57		0.080^*		15.22
Blood glucose, mg/dL	0.18		0.030		0.086^*		0.74^*	−0.30
Dietary measures
Oxalate, mg/d	0.037		0.040^**	0.023	0.11^*	0.12^**	0.14^*	0.12^*
Animal protein, g/d	0.67^***		0.26^***	−0.16	0.083^*		1.40^***	0.83^**
Total protein, g/d	0.51^***	0.40^**	0.24^***		0.12^**		1.04^***
Sucrose, g/d	0.45^*		0.18^*		−0.0021		−0.051	−0.66
Calcium, mg/d	0.025^***		0.011^**	0.012^*	−0.0054		0.013
Diuretic use
Loop (yes)	−6.28		−9.06		0.04^*		−56.52	−93.65^**
Thiazide (yes)	−28.80^***	−20.73^**	1.85		0.019^*		27.06^*

Bi: Bivariate associations, MV: Multivariate associations, β: beta estimate, BMI: body mass index, DBP: diastolic blood pressure, eGFR: estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (cystatin calculation or creatinine calculation);

β values are standardized.

p-value<0.05;

^**

p-value:<0.01;

^***

p-value:<0.001