(A) HTR8 cells were transfected for 48 hours with HCV-PAMP or X-region control. Gene up-regulation was assessed by real-time RT-PCR. Bars represent mean plus SEM, Wilcoxon signed-rank test (n=3). (B) Supernatants from PAMP-transfected HTR8 has a significantly higher CCL3 (MIP-1α), CCL5 (RANTES) and CXCL10 (IP-10) protein concentration compared to the control (X-region-transfected cells) as assessed by ELISA. Bars represent mean plus SEM, Mann Whitney test (n=3), *<p0.05, **p<0.01, ***p< 0.001.