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. 2015 Oct 5;5:14706. doi: 10.1038/srep14706

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First row: 3D streamlines of massless particles released at (x, y, z) = (2 cm, 0, 13.5 cm) in the first flow-through design (3a), second flow-through design (3b) and closed system (3c). Second row: 3D pathlines of the a spherical particle with a density of ρ = 1005 kg m⁻³ ⁸ released from the same position in the first design (3d), second design (3e) and the closed system (3f). The red circle denotes the initial position of the particle at t = 0 and its path after 1000 seconds.